2 
THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. 
Puddling. 
Mulching. 
The Plant- 
ing of 
Evergreens. 
Formulas 
for 
Spraying. 
How to 
Lay Out 
An Estate. 
A Final 
Word 
About 
Evergreens. 
Make your plans to have it about one inch deeper when transplanted, after the ground is settled, 
than it was before it was lifted from the nursery row. When once the tree or plant has been set in 
the hole, use only well pulverized loam in filling in around the roots. No sods or manure should be 
used under any circumstances. Shake the soil in gradually, and jostle the tree or plant until every 
crevice is filled in around the roots, and no air chambers are left. In case of big trees that are too 
large to be jostled, dirt must be filled in around the roots by means of a hoe handle, or some other 
smooth stick that will not injure the roots. After the roots have been well covered in this way, the 
ground should be thoroughly firmed, and the hole filled again and the second time trodden. Don't 
be afraid of making the ground too firm around the roots. The final filling should be left without 
treading. When trees or shrubs are planted in this way, there is little danger of their dying. 
IN CASE IT IS VERY DRY, we would recommend the making of a thick mud paste, and dipping 
the roots into it before planting. This is known as "puddling" the roots, and is especially ad- 
vantageous in a dry season. If the season is wet, it is not necessary. 
We strongly recommend mulching all freshly planted trees or shrubs with a liberal supply of 
manure. Manure conserves moisture and furnishes food for the plants, and renders watering un- 
necessary, except in exceptionally dry periods. 
The planting of evergreens is no more difficult than the planting of deciduous trees; but extra care 
must be taken that the roots are not allowed to become dry. All evergreens are lifted and shipped 
with a ball of earth. The burlap should always be removed before the plant is set in the hole, and 
if the ground is moist the hole can be immediately filled with good loam and thoroughly trodden. 
If the ground is dry, the hole should be filled partly full with earth sufficiently to keep the tree in 
place, and the hole then filled with water and allowed to remain until the water has been taken up 
by the ground. After this the hole should be filled again, and thoroughly trodden, and again filled 
and trodden, as in the case of deciduous plants, and the final filling should not be trodden, but left 
as a dust mulch. In mulching evergreens use care that none of the limbs are covered with manure, 
and never water evergreens when the sun is shining hot upon them. If watering must be done, it 
should be either in the early morning or the latter part of the day, or applied at the base so that it 
may gradually soak through to the roots. 
Formulas can be had at all of the Agricultural Experiment Stations throughout the United States, 
and bulletins containing the most efficient and up-to-date methods of applying the same. 
First of all, look at the place in its entirety, as you would look upon a picture that you were about to 
frame, and seek to produce the effect upon your place with your planting that the frame produces 
upon the picture. Have your planting so arranged that it will balance, and not be too heavy at one 
place and too light at another. Whatever else you do, don't scatter shrubs all over the place. If 
the estate is large, by all means consult a Landscape Architect, and it will save you money. If you 
don't know where to find one, write to us, and we will put you in touch with a thoroughly reliable 
Architect, as we know scores of them. 
If your house sets high on its foundation of stone or cement, make a planting around the house on 
either side of the front door, so as to give the house a setting. Wherever possible, arrange the plant- 
ing at the corners and along the outer sides with a few ornamental trees, on the lawn, deciduous 
and evergreen.at such points as will give character and dignity to the place; but ordinary shrubs 
scattered over the place neither give character nor dignity to any estate. 
In selecting the plants, consult first of all the heights of the shrubs and never put low-growing shrubs 
in close proximity to high ones. Heights must be taken into account. The next thing is as to color, 
and time of blooming. Arrange so as to have something in bloom continuously through the season. 
This can be done. Last of all, take into account foliage effects and autumn tintings. Never plant 
Hybrid Roses on the front lawn; they should be planted in the rear, in beds, not scattered about, 
one here and one there. The more you cut a rose bush, other things being equal, the more bloom 
you will get. 
Evergreens known as broad and narrow leaved, are being more and more planted, because they give 
a warm, comfortable appearance in the winter as well as beauty in the summer. Narrow-leaved 
Evergreens, such as Spruces, Firs, Hemlocks, etc., are known as Conifers. Many of these Ever- 
greens are too large for small estates; but we have for years been getting together a collection of 
dwarf Evergreens that never assume large proportions, but become more and more beautiful with 
age, and never become ragged and unsightly. 
Broad-leaved Evergreens such as 
Kalmias and Rhododendrons are more 
and more being planted. It is said 
that the Rose is the Queen of Flow- 
ers. To our mind, the Rhododendron 
is the King of Flowers. Rhododen- 
drons can be planted in almost any soil 
that has no lime in it, if only they can 
have a little peat or muck around 
their roots. We have thousands of 
Rhododendrons growing in our nur- 
series, of which there are about thirty 
varieties whose hardiness has been 
proven in this latititude. When in 
bloom in June, it is a sight worth 
traveling some distance to see. If 
you love flowers, and conditions are at 
all favorable, plant some Rhododen- 
drons, and next to them are the Native Medal of Honor? Highest Award for Evergreens and 
Azaleas; all of which are described in Deciduous Shrubs Awarded to The Bay State Nurseries 
succeeding pages. Panama Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, 1915. 
