Hi An Essay on the Relationship of [Jan. 



(Gerra.) = rota. — Yanu = <yow — genu = knie (Germ, pronouncing 

 the k,) = knee, (Engl.)— Rohito and roktoh == roth (Germ.) = red ; 

 hence poSov = rosa ; hence russus, rorge (French) ; also rutilus. 



From rohito and roktoh comes likewise rettam & @ t£s ) and rektam 

 (the blood) in Tamul ; — naso = nasus — Nase (Germ.) = nose ; nasi 



(/sn@ ^ Tamul) = nostrils .-= nares.— Bhruvo = brow (of the eye) 



=braue (Germ.)=o0/>vs. Namo=iiamam(^ /rLDLD j Tamul) = nomen 

 = name (Germ.) = name (Eng.) — ovo/ia. 



Mdnushyo=manushen andmaniden ( ^ ^ ®? ^ ^ a n d ^ 6Q f) p ®® Tarn.) 

 == Mensch (Germ. pron. mensh). The root of it, man = mann (Germ.) 

 exists perhaps also in Sanscrit; it is disguised in homo, hominis or in 

 ancient Latin, hemonis, the he and ho being prefixed just as the Greeks 

 do in some preceding instances ; and the root, man, re-appears clearly 

 in the compounds immanis, communis (i. e. what belongs to all men) 

 nemo, neminis = niemand (Germ.) and probably in humanus. 



Purushen or burushen in Tamul, also in Sanscrit,) a 



husband, also itn homme fait, has preserved itself only in the German 

 word, bursche, pron. burshe, a young (strong) man. 



Yugon, = jugum, = joch (Germ. pron. yoh) =* yoke = gwyov. 



10. Etymological Rules. 



The science of Etymology has been ridiculed as " changing conso- 

 nants at pleasure and disregarding vowels entirely," but then it is no 

 science, and I should be sorry if the present essay contributed to in- 

 crease the attempt into which etymology has been brought by the 

 dreams and hallucinations of some scholars, who have (e. g.) boldly 

 derived Mareschal (?. e. Mareschalkus, the servant of horses, or the 

 overseer of the royal stables), from the Hebrew, mashal, to govern. 



Change of Vowels* 

 Every Hebrew or Arabic scholar knows how greatly the vowels 

 change in all Shemitic dialects, but still according to certain rules, 

 which science ascertains and scrupulously regards. In dialects which 

 have not suffered from intrusive intermixture of strangers, the vowels 

 interchange with as much regularity as in the Hebrew and Arabic, but 

 in a different manner, and the words differ consequently in sound from 

 those cognate dialects, so that they are unintelligible to the uninitiated, 

 but he who has attended to the rules of those changes, can translate 

 one dialect into the other, (as far as the vowels are concerned), almost 

 without committing a mistake. Thus in the Thiiringian provincial 

 dialect, the Italian a of the classical German pronunciation, sinks into 

 aw (as in crawl) ; o into u ; i into e ; and 6 and ii become L But if the 

 inhabitants of one province settle in another and form by intermixture 



