1S37-] 



Account of the Province of Rdmndd. 



385 



carefully reserved for the purposes of cultivation. The lands upon tjie 

 whole course of the Vigay yield an abundant and valuable produce. 



Kredamanadi, a rivulet which has its source from the 3 Yigay, near 

 Madura, enters the Sivaganga country by Pilliyur, in the Trippavanam 

 district, winds in a south-easterly direction for about twenty-five miles, 

 watering a great part of that country to the south-west, touches the 

 boundary of Ramnad below the village Yiragudi, and continues in a 

 south-easterly course for three miles, passing by Yiracholan ; it further 

 embraces a portion of the country to the north about a mile and a quar- 

 ter, and thence forms another part of the boundary for about a mile, 

 whence it glides on in a southerly direction, watering the country in 

 its course for about eleven miles, and receives a small rivulet termed 

 the Purralla-ar, near its confluence with the Ragunat'ha-kaveri. 



The Trimangalum river, termed the Kund-ar is a narrow and rapid 

 stream which, rising among- the hills of Annayur, in the Madura district, 

 enters this province on the north in the Pullimat'ham district, by the 

 village Kurriapatti. It takes a winding course to the east about a mile, 

 and thence turns almost south five miles, and passes by Toapiir and 

 Parenjalli, where it receives the Sheverikotta river, which descends 

 from the mountains in the Tinnevelly country ; it widens greatly at the 

 confluence, pursues a south-easterly course, runs between Tiruchuli and 

 Pullimat'ham, washing the western wall of the fort, and continues to 

 proceed to Elipur, on the north of which it is intersected by a brook 

 from the high lands to the east of Puliarnatham : from Elipur, it winds 

 eastwardly for six miles, and passes by Mandelmanikam, and, gliding 

 on south-easterly two miles and a half, turns due south down to Ka- 

 muri, west of a high rocky ground, and runs between the fort and town, 

 To the east of the latter, on the southern bank of the river, is a large 

 kalingula, about one hundred and seventy feet in length, and about 

 seventy feet in breadth ; the time of its original construction appears 

 to be unknown ; but that it is of a very ancient date is sufficiently indi- 

 cated by the style and state of the structure, which not only bears every 

 mark of antiquity, but also of frequent dilapidation and repair. It is 

 wholly composed of large weighty masses of rude stones laid upon one 

 another withont any regular system, every dependence having been 

 placed upon the magnitude of the materials ; hence the power of the 

 great body of water, in its pitch over the work, has frequently occasion- 

 ed breaches and also placed the structure in so critical a predicament, 

 that the inhabitants of the country to the eastward, especially in the 

 Shekull and Mutukullutur districts, sustain the loss of an extensive culti- 

 vation, estimated to be about sixty thousand pagodas annually. Iso anxi- 

 ety appears to be entertained by the possessors of this province to adopt 

 any measure for restoring so important a work to its primitive state. 

 A large canal, led off from immediately above the work, termed the 



