1837.] 



Account of the Province of Rdtnndd. 



387 



sixty kanis of land.* It has two large kalingulas at either extremity ; 

 the northern consisting of seventeen arches, and the southern of fif- 

 teen ; and, besides these, eighteen lesser sluices, built" of stone and 

 brick, most of which, as well as the larger kalingulas, are in a dila- 

 pidated state, in consequence of which it cannot at present supply 

 water for more than two thousand five hundred kanis. There are 

 six breaches along the bank of this lake, occasioned by the breaking 

 through of the waters during the monsoons, and these not being at- 

 tended to, it presents much danger to the villages and lands lying below 

 it to the eastward. 



Perriakolam ; this lake, with which the Vigay river forms a commu- 

 nication, is situated about a mile north west of Ramnad, and extends 

 in length about seven miles ; its breadth varies from three-fourths of 

 a mile to nearly two miles, and, from its greater depth, it has the 

 advantage of reserving its waters for a longer period than the Rasin- 

 gamangalam. it irrigates an extent of land consisting of one thou- 

 sand eight hundred and sixty kanis. This Yeri has two large 

 kalingulas; one to the north, consisting of nine arches, the water from 

 which flows to the eastward on a low level, and falls into an extensive 

 salt-marsh. The kalingula to the south consists of seven arches, and 

 the stream from it falls into the Chukrakotta lake, which lies to the 

 south. There are twelve smaller sluices to this lake, three of which are 

 in ruins. 



Chukrakotta lake, situated on the south of Ramnad, has a large 

 and substantial kalingula consisting of eleven arches ; the surplus 

 water discharged from it forms a canal which flows into a marsh 

 about a mile to the southward. A kalingula on the north consists of 

 five arches only. This lake has twelve other sluices, denominated 

 after the original possessors of the land depending thereon ; five of 

 these sluices have been in a state of decay for the last fifty years, and 

 the inhabitants in consequence sustain a very great loss, as they can- 

 not irrigate more than a fourth of the land that was formerly under 

 cultivation. 



Kullari lake receives the Ragunat'ha-kaveri ; it is situated between 

 the villages Tirukoshamangai and Kurkati, and irrigates about one 

 thousand five hundred kanis of land. This lake has two kalingulas, 

 and twelve smaller sluices, all of which are in good order : the great 

 quantity of water that flows from these kalingulas spreads over a 

 salt-marsh to the eastward, and from thence, forming a channel, ulti- 

 mately falls into the spa. 



Abramam lake, situated to the north of the village of that name, 

 resembles in form a spur; it is supplied by a channel from the Kreda- 



* About an acre. 



