390 



Account of the Province of Ramnad. 



[April 



Pudukotta, enters this country on the north by Sheraganur, passes by 

 Kunnangudi, Mangalagudi, and Tiruvadanari, where it is intersected by 

 several cross loads leading to the coast ; thence it touches at the village 

 Arnutmangalam, crosses the Kottaikarai-ar, and leads off on the west 

 by Armukam-kotta to Rasingamangalam, proceeds to Sholandur, and 

 passing below the banks of two large lakes, touches at Peruvial, near 

 which it is intersected by several water-courses, and latterly passes by 

 Piliengudi on the north bank of the Vigay river to Rami) ad. This is 

 one of the grand carriage-roads, but is in a bad state owing to the fre- 

 quent intervention of paddy-fields, which render it altogether impass- 

 able in the rainy seasons. A third road, also leading from Trichinopoly, 

 separates into two parts at Tripatur; the one leads via Sivaganga, and 

 the other by Kaulear-kovil, and these joining at Yellangudi, the road 

 enters this district about one mile and a half west of Ninar-kovil, and, 

 in its progress, crosses the Vigay, passes near a fine pavilion, called 

 Chetti-Mattam, where it joins the high road leading from Madura to 

 the capital, and proceeds along the south bank of the Yigay below 

 Gangakondan, and, re-crossing the river again at three other places, 

 two miles distant from each other, passes by Mothalur to Ramnad. The 

 state of the road is tolerably good, but much inconvenience is felt by 

 the intersection of the Vigay river at several places. The fourth is a 

 high road that leads from Madura via Manamadura, enters this province 

 immediately after crossing the Vigay river by Tholashatanur, and pro- 

 ceeds along the south bank for three miles, touching at Parmagudi, a 

 fine, large, and populous town, where there are two or three substan- 

 tially built pavilions for the accommodation of travellers! The road 

 runs through the tow T n along the southern bank, about ten miles to 

 Chetti-Mattam, and passes by Wurapilli, in the interval of which it 

 crosses many canals branching from the Vigay, which render the road 

 unfit for carriages ; it then leads eastward to Ramnad. The fifth is 

 also a high road that leads from Madura to Ramnad via Avur. It 

 enters this country at a village called Utchanipalli, and, in its progress, 

 crosses the Sheverikotta river, near its junction with the Kundar, 

 touches at Tiruchuli, crosses the latter river, and proceeds to Shada- 

 puram, where it separates into two different routes, the one leading to 

 Eamiiri, and the other to Abramam : the one that leads to the latter 

 place passes by Anakolam, Mandelmanikam, and Nartakurchi, next 

 touches at Abramam, and, in its progress to Ramnad, passes by tha 

 intermediate villages Perrunkurnai, Alenganar, Chetra, Wulayar, Yetti- 

 vial, and Lanthamattam. This road is extremely good, owing to the 

 high and level surface of the country. The sixth, a high road that 

 leads from Madura, Tiruchuli, and Kamuri, to Ramnad, touches at 

 Kamuri, and after crossing the Kundar river on the east of the town, it 

 intersects the high road from Abramam at the distance of five miles. 



