1836.] 



between Madras and the Neilgherrie$* 



27 



of kankar, which offers an appearance and composition rather inter- 

 esting. It is the modern, tufaceous, botryoidal kankar, coating a piece 

 of black mountain limestone, of which last rock there is not a trace 

 to be found within hundreds of miles of the place in situ. 



Close to the foot of the Neilgherries, and up the lowest part of the 

 Koonoor Pass, the strata of the hornblende slate are very much in- 

 clined, dipping eastwardly* 



Conclusion. — From what has been stated we may draw the following 

 conclusions. 



1. That the geological appearances, in several places along the 

 coast of Coromandel, render it probable that the whole coast was 

 heaved up at some remote period. 



2. That extensive estuaries must have indented the coast, previous 

 to that period, to account for the fossil remains, both pelagic and terres- 

 trial, many miles removed from the present shore. 



3. That granite is the lowest rock in the localities mentioned in 

 these pages, which is seen likewise forming isolated hills, and as erratic 

 blocks on the plains. 



4. That gneiss is the most abundant subjacent roek, to which the 

 other inferior non-fossil iferous stratified rocks are subordinate. 



5. That the trap rocks, such as basalt, porphyry, eurite and sienite, 

 either as dykes, or as overlaying rocks, are injected through, and in„ 

 all the above-mentioned rocks ; and that the basalt of this part of India 

 cannot be classed with the floetz trap, as is the case with that further 

 north in the Vindhya range. 



6. That the laterite and the kankar of these places, the former 

 being a conglomerate (like the molasse, the nagelfluh, &c.) and the 

 latter a concretionary rock, must be considered as deposited from water j 

 the kankar being of two sort3, the one ancient, and the other modern, 

 still forming. In these two last re-conformations no organic remains 

 have hitherto been found ; much less in the inferior stratified rockso 



Quo magis his dehes ignoscere, candide lector^ 

 Si spe sunt, ut sunt, inferior a tua. 



Ovid: Trist: lib: 1 Eleg: XX, 



