142 On the Language of the [July 



firmed by an annual celebration, down to the present time, of ihe per- 

 secution and impalement of the Bauddhas at Madura, it is likely that 

 those who fled from persecution, purposing to go to Vapal-divu, would 

 not, all of them, halt by the way, until they had found an island, cor- 

 responding in name with the object of their search. 



" 4. Some little difficulty is interposed from the rather ill-defined 

 distinction between the Bauddhas and Jainas. However, in manu* 

 scripts bearing on the records of the ancient kingdom of Madura, | 

 find the Samunar and Buttar, or Boodur, (the letter r being the plural 

 termination in high Tamil) spoken of synonimously, that is, the terms 

 are interchanged, still referring to the same people. I consider, there* 

 fore, that any distinction, or sub-division, of them, is unimportant to 

 the present purpose. 



" 5. Looking now at the titles of the four books, mentioned 

 by Ley den, the first of them, Siva Harangaja t probably refers 

 to the well known Hindu fable of Siva destroying the Hindu 

 Cdma, by opening his frontlet eye, and burning his assailant to ashes.. 

 Mar a is another Sanscrit name for Manmatha ; and gaja is Sanscrit 

 for an elephant. It is, however, probable, and sanctioned by many 

 analogies, that dh has been changed, dialectically, into j, and c into g 

 and, then, Siva Mar an cadha, would mean the tale of Siva and Man* 

 matha, possibly some Batta version of that fable. The second, Siva 

 Jarang Mundapa, also seems to be Sanscrit, Siva Sarang maybe 

 rendered, any thing pertaining to Siva, as his sect, or the like ; mandapa 

 is a choultry, or open porch, fronting a temple ; hence the meaning 

 may be, the porch of the votaries of Siva, and may have reference to 

 dogmas, or actions, of that class of Hindus. The third, Rajah isiri, is 

 an every day title ; natives address respectable persons with the title 

 of Maha-raja-rajasri, and the insertion of the vowels, as isiri tot Sri r 

 is colloquially common likewise. As the title of a book something 

 must be wanting, seeing that Raja-sri is a prefix to some following 

 name. The fourth, Malamdeva, apparently denotes Vishnu. Mai is 

 one of Vishnu's names ; dm (in Tamil) signifies being, or one who is, 

 and deva, a god, that is, the god Vishnu. Again, in the other books, 

 Tandong is apparently the same word with the Tamil Tandam, an 

 army, and Rumba, denotes a sword, or saw. Pangram appears to be 

 derived from the Sanscrit Sangrama, any matter pertaining to war. 

 These resemblances indicate, I think, a derivation through the Pali, 

 the sacred language of the Bauddhas, itself a dialect of the Sanscrit, 

 or a Pracrit, and having many ascertained resemblances to the Tamil 

 language ; which last, however, if considered in its substratum, is not & 

 derivative from the Sanscrit. 



" 6. Comparing the Batta alphabet with the Batta inscription, I 

 observe that the letters in each seem turned different ways, and the 

 alphabet does not assist as to vowel points, or other diacritical marks. 

 Perhaps, with the assistance of Mr. Marsden's alphabet, the sounds 



