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Sketches of the Meteorology, 



[Oct. 



form brown colour ; and some specimens contain so much iron, as to 

 increase consideraMy their specific gravity. In many instances, the 

 base of the rock is white or grey ; and is traversed in all directions by 

 dark brown coloured veins highly impregnated with iron. But, in some 

 specimens, the dark brown variety is in much larger quantity than the 

 white basis ; and then the latter appears as if it had been broken into a 

 number of small angular fragments, which had been afterwards united 

 by the consolidation of the brown variety from the fluid form. This 

 variety contains numerous small cavities, which are lined with red 

 hsematite in the shape of stalactites, or having a blistered or mammillary 

 form. The cavities are generally very small ; but I have seen very 

 large specimens of red hsematite which were found in the Kupputgood 

 Range. Brown haematite is also sometimes met with j but it is not so 

 common as the other. 



I may here mention, that I found a large bed of a variety of compact 

 magnetic iron-ore, on the summit of a small hill, near Hitnal,* a village 

 in the Hyderabad country. It is associated with mica-slate, and quartz 

 rock ,• and the base of the hill consists of granite. 



Old Red Sandsto?te. — This is one of the most extensive formations in 

 India. It forms the summits of most of the eastern ghauts. It extends 

 over a great part of the district of Cuddapah ; occupies extensive tracts 

 in the Deccan ; forms the summits of most of the hills in the; Vindhya 

 and Gondwana ranges on both sides of the Nerbuddah ; and extends 

 over part of Bundelcund, and even as far as Delhi. 



The old red sandstone occupies a large tract of the districts, the 

 geology of which forms the subject of this paper. From Gudjunder- 

 ghur, where it rests immediately upon the granite, it extends north and 

 north-east, as far as the Kistnah, occupying all the north-east corner 

 of the Darwar district, and extending some way into the Hyderabad 

 country. From thence it stretches across the country to beyond Go- 

 kauk, occupying all that tract which has been already pointed out in a 

 former part of this paper. It also forms the summits of three insulated 

 hills irt the centre of the district, namely the hills of Noulgoond, Nur- 

 goond, and Chick Nurgoond. On all of these three hills, it forms large 

 tabular masses, the sides of which form mural escarpments all round ; 

 and, from the bottom of these escarpments, the hills have a gradual 

 slope to the plain below. At Noulgoond the sandstone rests on granite j 

 on the two latter hills it rests on the talc-slates of the transition class. 



From Gudjunderghur to Badamy, and in all the hills south of the 

 Mulperba, the strata of sandstone are almost universally horizontal. 

 The hills are all very nearly of the same altitude, are in long ranges, 



* Hitnal is about ten miles to the east of Copal. 



