July 22, 1893.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



7 



persistent, so minute, so numerous that we cannot totally 

 iradicate them. Gentlemen, you will find it an eaormons 

 bask to rear enough fry to counteract the destruction caused 

 by natural enemies, and especially so unless all your plants 

 are made under the best conditions with the greatest care, 

 you will find also that the cost of distribution when your fry 

 are thus planted to the best advantage will commence to ap- 

 proximate the cost of distributing yearlings. Stocking a 

 stream with yearling fish requires every degree of careful 

 forethought; but stocking a stream with fry dernands an 

 intimate knowledge of the stream and its inhabitants, a 

 more careful and wider distribution of the plant, and in 

 many cases an accompanying or prior depcsit of natural 

 food adapted to infant trout diet. 



In the Trausactions of the Twenty-First Meeting of this 

 Society, on page 113, occurs the following quotation: "I 

 have seen it stated in some of the streams of the Yellow- 

 stone, or West, several attempts were made to plant with 

 fry, which failed, and other attempts made with yearlings 

 succeeded. Now, the question naturally arises, suppose 

 those yearlings do succeed and spawn there, what is to 

 become of their fry when they are hatched? * * * It 

 strikes me * * * if the fry cannot live in those streams, 

 and nothing but yearling can, you have got to put in year- 

 lings there every year." The foregoing remarks, no doubt, 

 had reference to the plants of yearling tro\it made in the 

 waters of the Yellowstone National Park by the United 

 States Fish Commission in the autumns of 1889 and 1890, a 

 concise history of which can be found in the Report of the 

 U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries on the Explora- 

 tions in Montana and Wyoming in the summer of 1891. 

 (Senate Mis. Doc. No. 65, pagesol, 53 and 53). I do not know 

 the authority for sajdng these streams had hitherto been 

 unsuccessfully tried with fry— though possibly they had. 

 But I have.the very beat authority for saying that in at least 

 one of these streams most unfavorable conditions prevailed 

 for stocking with fry, and in one other the conditions were 

 adverse for stocking with yearlings. One of the streams, 

 the Upper Gibson River, contained the blob, or miller's 

 thumb (Coitus bairdi punctulatus), and in the other, the 

 Yellowstone River, the native mountain trout (Salmo 

 mykisn) was abundant. The infernally destructive propen- 

 sities of the miller's thumb are too well known to need 

 remark here. The native trout of the Yellowstone has well 

 been called voracious, and to him has been credited the des- 

 :truction of at least one entire plant of fry. Professor Ever- 

 man, reporting on his reconnaissance of these waters, made 

 in the summer of 1891, says: "At least the brook and Loch 

 Leven trout, which were planted in 1889, spawned in 1890, as 

 we found young of these species that could not be over a 

 year old." Here is definite proof that yearlings planted in 

 a stream are capable of reproducing and rearing their young, 

 under conditions which would have, we may fairly say, been 

 detrimental if not destructive to a plant of fry. How this 

 was accomplished will, I think, show why it will not be 

 necessary to annually restock a stream -svith yearlings 

 because fry would not primarily live in it. That the trout 

 do not exercise any direct parental care (one of the most 

 potent and necessary factors in the reproductions of animals 

 m general) I freely concede, and yet more freely that the 

 young fry are under natural environments at all times the 

 prey of numberless enemies. It is not asking too much to 

 suppose that the yearlings would and do destroy, either as 

 food or from self-protection, and in some cases from 

 wantonness, very much of the animal life which would 

 otherwise find a ready and acceptable subsistence upon the 

 eggs and fry of the trout in the following year. It may be 

 too much to state, but at least it cannot be contra-proved, 

 that the adult trout destroys many of these enemies of their 

 young from a sense of the necessity of the case. The year- 

 ling and the adult fish when planted in new waters in their 

 subsistence on its animal life, and in their fight for survival, 

 in short, in their very liv^ing in these waters prepare them 

 for their progeny. It strikes me that in this they but 

 parallel the only lines mankind has found practicable in 

 colonizing new countries. The fact that a plant of trout fry 

 in a particular stream, presenting outwardly all the condi- 

 tions necessary for a happy trout life, has been barren of 

 results should not be considered as conclusive argument 

 that trout could not live and multiply in it. Try that stream 

 again with enough yearlings sufficiently large to war upon 

 the enemies of baby trout. And if the case is urgent and 

 the stream is worthy, try it with a few two or even three- 

 year-old veterans. Take the case of the Yellowstone waters 

 as an assurance that the fish will attend to their own multi- 

 plication and save you the trouble of annually replanting 

 yearlings. 



The relative values of fry and yearlings for stocking pur- 

 poses will probably_ never be determined. It is certain that 

 they both have their uses and advantages. There are times 

 and places where fry can and will do all that is necessary 

 for stocking a given body of water, and there are places 

 where yearlings will be required to produce the desired re- 

 sult. For one I am far from denying that very much of the 

 magnificent result already achieved by fishculture is due to 

 plants of fry. But, gentlemen, fry exclusively were planted 

 when American fishculture was in its infancy; now that it 

 has reached its majority it should stand ready to do a man's 

 work of planting yearling fish inhere necessity demands, re- 

 serving its plants of fry for streams presenting favorable 

 conditions of water and animal life. In this broad country 

 of ours, with its diversified water systems and aquatic 

 fauna, there are streams where fry planting will prove all 

 sufficient, and others wherein only yearlings can succeed. 



Food and cost of 28,000 rainbow trout raised at Neosho, 

 Mo., Station from fry to yearlings, on a mixed diet of beef 

 liver and mush, commencing when the fry were transferred 

 to the outdoor pools, April 1, 1892, ending January 31, 1S93: 



Food and cost of 12,000 "vegetarian" rainbow trout raised 

 at Neosho, Mo., Station from fry to yearlings, commencing 

 when the fry was transferred to the outdoor pools, April 1, 

 "'^ and ending Jan. 31, 1893. 



• 



Period. 



Daily Allowance. 



Total for the Month. 



Lhs. of 

 Liver. 



Lbs. of 

 Mush. 



Lbs. of 

 Liver. 



Lbs. of 

 Mush. 



31 days of July 



31 days of Aug 



30 days of Sep 



3.0 

 3.0 

 3.6 

 2.7 



3.6 

 3.6 

 10.8 

 15.0 

 45.0 

 45.0 

 45.0 

 45.0 

 45.0 

 45.0 



90.0 

 93.0 

 108.0 

 83.7 



108.0 

 111.6 

 324.0 

 465.0 

 1,305.0 

 1,3.50.0 

 1,395.0 

 1,350.0 

 1,895.0 

 1,395.0 

















an. 7 



9,288.6 









30 days of April.. 



31 days of May. . , 



30 days of June. . , 



31 days of July.., 

 31 days of Aug... , 



30 days of Sep . . , 



31 days of Oct. .. 



30 days of Nov..., 



31 days of Dec... 

 31 days of Jan... 



Daily Allowance. 



Lbs. of 

 Liver, 



7.0 

 7.0 

 8.4 

 8.3 

 12.0 

 12.0 

 12.0 

 12.0 

 15.0 

 15.0 



Lbs. of 

 MuBh. 



8.4 

 8.4 

 25.2 

 35.0 

 45.0 

 60.0 

 54.0 

 60.0 

 60.0 

 60.0 



Total for the Month. 



Lbs. of 

 Liver. 



SIO.O 

 127.0 

 252.0 

 195.3 

 372.0 

 360.0 

 872.0 

 360.0 

 465.0 

 465.0 



3,368.3 



Lbs. of 

 Mush. 



2.')2.0 

 260.4 

 755.0 

 1,085.0 

 1,395.0 

 1,800.0 

 1,674.0 

 1,800.0 

 1,860.0 

 1,860.0 



12.742. 4 



Immh 



374.71bs. of Uver at m cents a pound cost ^l.?'!! 



I,288.6ibs. of miish at M cent a pound cost ^^.^.i 



Cost of food for 12,000 rainbow trout from AprU 1 to Jan. 31 ^36.33 



Cost per 1;000 $3.03; or each fish cost a fraction 

 under J^ct. February 11, 1893, they were measured and 

 weighed: 13,000 averaged 4in. long, and 3r.olbs. per 1,000, or 

 3301bs. gross. A cost per pound of about 11 cents. 



NEOSHO STATION, FEB. 11, 1893. 



Measure and weight of yearling rainbow trout. 



100 of the largest, mush and liver fed, 10.751 bs 7 in. long 



100 medium size " " " " 4.251bs S.oin. long 



100 of those fed on mush only 2.751bs 4 m. long 



NEOSHO STATION, FEB. 11, 1893. 



Measure and loeight of yearling brook trout. 

 100 average size, fed on mush and liver 7.51bs 0 5in. long 



NEOSHO STATION, JUNE 5, 1893. 



Size and allowance of three-year-old rainboxo trout. 

 1000 three-year-old trout in Pond No. 1 are supported in perfect con- 

 dition on 21bs. of liver and 401bs of mush per day. 



10 of the largest weigh 17.51bs. 



15 of the medium weigh ■ 19.5lbs. 



25 of the three-year-olds weigh 37.01bs. 



Or each flsh 2:!.68oz.. making the weight of the 1,000 l,480lbs. The al- 

 lowance per day is less tban Z% of their weight of the mixture (in pro- 

 portion of 1 of liver to 20 of much), costing now 19 cents, per day. 



FEEDING AND GEOWTH OF RAi:SBOW TROUT IN THEIR 

 SECOND TEAR. 



Feb. 20, 1893, counted 1,500 13-months-old extra select rain- 

 bow trout into Pond No. 3 to be raised for future brood 

 stock. Total weight, 140.51bs., an average of 93.6ribs. per 

 1,000. Average length of trout. Tin. 



April 36, 1893 (65 days afterward) these trout were re- 

 weighed and found to average SOOlbs. per 1,000, and to meas- 

 ure^ from 8 to 9iQ., being an increase in weight of 178,^^. 



3h 



(after Feb. 20) 



May 20, 1893, 90 davs after the flsh were first put into No. 3 

 Pond they were attain reweighed and found to average 

 3201bs. to the 1,000 fish, and to run from 9 to 9>pn. long, 

 being an increase in weight of about 341<4!. During these 90 

 days they had been given .30,51bs. of liver and 1,6371 bs. of 

 mush, costing SlT.Ol; or each pound of trout gained (after 

 Feb. 20) cost a fraction over 5 cents. 



N. B. — ^Prior to April 1, 1893, liver cost 31., cents a pound, 

 after that the price was i% cents a pound. The cost of mush 

 remained unchanged, namely one-quarter of a cent a pound. 



Up to the time these fish were transferred to Pond No. 3 

 they had been all the time in a pool 8 x 32ft., among a lot of 

 6,000 other yearlings. The element of range so essential to 

 the growth of fish was entirely lackiue, as was also that of 

 space and natural pasturage. Pond No. 3, into which they 

 were transferred, supplied to a certain extent these requis- 

 ites. It has a water surface of about 6,000 square feet and a 

 reatest depth of 30in. AYhereas the pools had a greatest 

 -epth of only 2ft., wooden sides and bottom, and with a 

 constant change of 55 gallons of water per minute, the main- 

 tenance of pa.sture under these conditions being impossible. 

 Pond No. 2 is, for at least one-quarter of its area, less than 

 6in. in depth, containing considerable aquatic flora and 

 breeding no little natural food. 



NEOSHO, MO., JAN. 25, 1892. 



Specimens of trou t shipped from Neosho to Washington, D. 

 C., Jail, as, 1893, to bt cast for the World s Fair. 

 No. 1, Male fi.sh, rainbow trout, hatched from eggs re- 

 ceived from WythevUle Station in January, 1890, Weight, 

 30oz.; age, 3 years. 

 No. 3. Same as No. 1. Weight, 31o2:. 

 No. 3. Brook trout, hatched from eggs received from 

 North ville Station Jan. 25, 1891. Weight, 6oz.: age, 13 

 months. 



No. 4. Same as No. 3. Weight, 6.5oz. 



No. 5. Von Behr trout (S. lario), hatched from eggs re- 

 ceived from NorthvUle Station Feb. 5, 1891. Weight, 3.5oz.; 

 age, 11 months. 



No. 6. Same as No. 5. Weight, 3.5oz. 



No. 7. Rainbow trout, hatched from eggs received from 

 Wytheville Station Jan. 17, 1891. Weight, 3oz.; age, 12 

 months. 



No. 8. Same as No. 7. Weight, 1.5oz. 



FIXTURES. 



DOG SHOWS. 



Aug. 30 to Sept. 2.— Blue Grass Kennel Club, at Lexington, Ky. Mr 

 Roger Williams, Sec'y. _ 



Sept. 5 to 8.— Kingston (Ont.) K. C, at Kingston. H. C. Bates, Sec'y- 



Sept. 11 to 15.— Toronto, Canada. C. A. Stone. Sec'y. 



Sept. 19 to 22.— Rhode Island State Fair Ass'n at Narragansett Park. 

 D. C. Collins, Sec'y. 



Sept. 19 to 22.— World's Tair, Chicago. W. I. Buchanan, Chief Dept. 

 of Agriculture. 



Oct. 3 to 6.— Minneapolis K. 0., at Minneapolis. H. T.Van Duster, See. 

 Nov. 21 to 24.— New Jersey K. L.. at Newark. Dr. W. F. Seidler, Sec. 

 Dec. 12 to 15.— R. I. Poultry and Pet Stock Ass'n, at Providence. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Sept. 4.— Northwestern Field Trial Club's second annual trials, Man- 

 itoba. Thos. Johnson, Sec'y, Winnipeg. 



Sept. 12.— Manitoba Field Trials Club's Trials, Souris, Manitoba. E. 

 D. Adams, Sec'y, Winnipeg. , ^ , 



Nov. 6.— United States Field Trials Club's Fall Trials, Bicknell, Ind. 

 P. T. Madison, Sec'y, Indianapolis. 



Nov. ".—International Field Trial Club's Fourth Trials, Chatham, 

 Ont. W. B. WeUs, Sec'y, Chatham. 



Nov. 15.— Ohio Field Trial Club's Second Trials. Canton, O. C. V. 

 Lellinger, Sec'v. 



Nov. 15.— American Field Trial Club Trials, at Carlisle, Ind. W. J. 

 Beck, Sec'y, Columbus. Ind. 



Nov. 20.— Fastei-n Field Trial Club's Trials, at Newton, N. C. Mem- 

 bers' Stake Nov. 16. W. A. Coster, Sec'y. 



1894. 



Jan. 29.— Southern Field Trial Club's Trials, New Albany, Miss. T. 

 M. Brumby, Sec'y, Marietta, Ga. 



Feb. 19.— United States Field Trials Club's Sprmg Trials, Grand 

 Junction, Tenn. P. T. Madison, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. 



"Statistical Review of Fishculture." 



In the valuable statistical review by Mr. N. Borodine, 

 printed in our issue of July 8, page 10, third column, forty- 

 first line, for "protection" read "propagation." 



3,268. 31ba. of liver, at S!4 cents a pound, cost S114.39 



18,742.41bs. of mush, at !4 cent a pound, cost 81.86 



Cost of food for 28,000 rainbow trout from April 1 to Jan. 31. . S146.25 

 Cost per 1,000 So. 23; or each fish cost a fraction 



over 3i'ct. Average cost per day per 1,000 was 1.707 cents. 

 Average allowance per day per 1,000 was l.S71b3, of the 



mixture (in the proportion of 1 of liver to 3.79 of mush). 

 The fish were two sizes. On Feb. 11 '93, they were measured 



and weighed: 



4,000 averaged 7 in. long, and 107.51bs. per 1,000, or 4301b3. gross. 

 24,000 " 5J^ " " " 43.5 " 1,000, " 1,020 " " 



28,000 yearlings weighed l,4521bs. gross. 



A cost per pound of a fraotiou over 10 ceuta. 



A NEW-SUBSCRIBER OFFER. 



A bona fide new subscriber sending us 55 will receive for that sum 

 the FoKEST AND STREAM One year (price $4) and a set of Zimmerman's 

 famous "Ducking Scenes" (advertised on another page, price $5)— a 

 $9 value for §5. 



This offer is to new subscribers only. It does not apply to renewals. 



For %Z a bona fide new subscriber for six months wiU receive tha 

 FoEEST AND Strkah during that time and a copy of Dr. Van Fleet's 

 handsome work, "Bird Portraits for the Yoimg" (the price of which 

 is 83). 



Hannaford Ventilated Boot Co.: 



The ventilated rubber boots I ordered from you la.st fall have given 

 great satisfaction. They do not sweat the feet. I have worn them 

 a great deal this winter duck and snipe shooting, wading la water knee 

 deep, and returned to camp at night with dry and warm feet, and I 

 would say that no sportsman should be without a pair of your rubber 

 ventilated waterproof hip boots. Very respectfully, A. H. Hanna, 

 Attorney at Law, Austin, Texas.— -4.(iy. 



Minneapolis and St. Paul 



Are reached most directly from either Chicago or St. Louis by the 

 Burlington Route. Daily vestibuled trains with Pullman sleepers, 

 chair cars (seats free) and Burlington Route dining cars.— .4dv. 



Kennel Interests in Finland. 



We received last week a pleasant call from Mr. Dan. Joh. 

 Wad6n, a resident of Helsingfors, Finland.^ This gentleman 

 was on his way home from a visit to the World's Fair. One 

 of his objects in coming so far was to attend the World's 

 Fair dog show, and he was naturally very disappointed at 

 the postponement. Surprising to relate Mr. Wad6n met no 

 dogmenin Chicago, but on his return to New York he lost 

 no time in seeking the FoKEST AXD Stream, which jonrnal, 

 he tells us, is known even in far off Finland "as one of the 

 most excellent in the world, through translations served for 

 the Finnish public in Swedish and German sporting jour- 

 nals." By the way, there is a sporting journal in Finland 

 called Sporten, ■l idskrijt f Or Jagare och Fisliare, edited by 

 Mr. Alex. Kintse. 



Mr. Wad6n speaks English quite fluently and an hour's 

 pleasant chat ensued on sporting matters in the far north 

 country. The publicity given to shows and field trials in 

 England created an interest in well bred dogs, and three 

 dog shows have already been held in Finland. The first 

 two were international afiiairs for all breeds of dogs and 

 held in May, 1891-92 at Helsingfors. In December, 1892, a 

 specialty show was held for the Finnish "spitz" at Uleaborg, 

 in the north of Finland. This year, however, there will be 

 no show. 



Mr. Wad6n is a sportsman and is very much interested 

 in field trials, and wishing to get every information as to 

 the manner in which they are conducted in this country, 

 we furnished him with copies of field trial rules and also 

 a W. K. C. marked catalogue of this year's dog show, so 

 that now our Finnish friends will have no excuse if their 

 bench shows and field trials are not conducted with all 

 modern impi'ovements. Mr. Waden tells us that the first 

 field trials held in Finland will take place Sept. 23 under 

 the auspices of the Finnish Kennel Club (Finska Kennel 

 Klubben). Of this club Mr. Waden is the president. As 

 may be imagined, there are no professional trainers in Fin- 

 land, and most of the owners will handle their own dogs 

 in the coming trials, and about a dozen entries are expected. 



Mr. Wad6n has a kennel of about twenty dogs, chiefly 

 pointers, and they are from dogs selected for him by Mr. 

 Pooley. the late secretary of the English Pointer Club. The 

 most popular dogs in Finland are foxhounds and "hare- 

 hounds," but there are few kennels in our acceptance of the 

 term, most sportsmen owning one to three dogs. Among 

 "bird" dogs English and Irish setters are held in equal favor 

 with the pointer. 



The game on which the trials will be run are ptarmigan 

 and black bird, which we presume is black cock, and the 

 country hunted over is not thickly covered; something like 

 the Scotch moors we should image from Mr. Waden's des- - 

 cription, the cover being low underbrush or heather. He 

 says that in passing through parts of Canada and New 

 England on his way from Chicago he saw a good deal of 

 country that would be suitable for the ptarmigan. 

 Mr. Waden was charmed with the Fair and said it was 

 rery beautiful," and quite consoled him for the disappoint- 

 ment in not seeing the dog show. He sailed last Wednesday 

 on the Aagusta Victoria for Southampton and from there 

 he goes to Hull, Yorkshire, Eng., where he takes the steamer 

 for Helsingfors, which is a four days steam. Helsingfors 

 is 300 miles from St. Petersburg, Russia, eight hours by 

 rail. Before he sailed Mr. Wad6n visited the Hempstead 

 Farm Kennels. 



Btilldogs or Bull-Terriers? 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



Having read some of the articles in your paper in regard to 

 bulldogs, I would like to take up the cudgels in their favor. 

 Most of the prejudice against them arises from dogs kept by 

 half-gro\vn boys or vicious men, who seem to think that all 

 they are for is' to worry and tear other animals, and, there- 

 fore, do all they can to make them mean and vicious by set- 

 ting them on everything in sight and encotu-aging them to 

 fight at evei-y opportunity. 



On the other hand, I claim that any one who will take a 

 well-bred bull-terrier puppy before he has had any chance to 

 get spoiled, and bring him up in the right way — that is, not 

 allow him to fight, except in self-defense, or worry other 

 animals — I will guarantee that they vrili lose all their preju- 

 dice (if they ever had any) and say he is the nicest dog m the 

 world. I also contend that he is the safest dog with children, 

 because he is never snappish; being naturally brave, he is not 

 easily aroused. He will stand more pounding from a child 

 than" any other dog. Will mind his own business better and 

 never fly at any one without cause, nor will he bark all night 

 at nothing and keep all the neighbors awake. I once owned 

 a dog such as this and have seen several others belonging to 

 different parties, who would be willing to testify with me. 

 One especially fine dog of this breed is (or was) ovmed by 

 Capt. Anson, of the Chicago Base Ball Club. He is said to 

 be one of the smartest dogs in this country of any breed. 



H. C. Smith. 



TH0MA.SVrLLE, Ga. 



[Mr. Smith unconsciously bears us out in our contention 

 that a good deal of the bad reputation the bull-dog has in- 

 curred is due to the hazy conception most people have of the 

 difference between a pure bulldog, a bull and tei-rier and a 



Eure-bred bull-terrier. While we admit all he claims for the 

 ull-terrier, we must remind him that the latter are not now 

 under disciission; they must take care of themselves — which 

 they are abundantly able to do — for the present the bulldog, 

 pure and simple, is on the defensive.] 



