478 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Dec. 2, 1893, 



EASTERN F. T. CLUB'S TRIALS. 



The cliaiige of the scene of action from Higla Point, C, 

 where the club's trials had been held for many years hereto- 

 fore, notwithstanding the extortion, ill service and unsatis- 

 factory field trial grounds which there obtained, to Newton, 

 N. C, was a great and satisfactory gain to all concerned. 

 There is hardly a detail or interest of the event, from the 

 greatest to the least, but what is benefitted thereby, rhe 

 Hotel Newton furnished comfortable accommodation. Com- 

 pared to High Point, it was palatial. . 



The grounds were good enough for all the requirements ot 

 a field trial. They were largely cultivated, in a loose fash- 

 ion, some of the fields with corn, others with cotton, and yet 

 others with wheat. And there was in all a stretch of ground 

 which gave room for the day's work. Every dog had ample 

 room to display his range and judgment in seeking for 

 bevies in the open fields of stubble, corn and sedge, while 

 there was cover enough to afford shelter for the birds and 

 test the perform.Hnce of the dogs on scattered birds, and close 

 work in cover. There were but few thickets so dense that 

 the dogs Avere concealed from view when Avorking in them. 

 The general features of the grounds were favorable, too. 

 Long, parallel, uneven ridges, with shallow valleys between, 

 broken here and there by irregular, gentle hills and hollows, 

 with broad fields and stretches of woodland intermixed, 

 made grounds which, for the purpose, were difficult to im- 

 prove on. They were threaded with small runs, ditches and 

 water courses, in a loose, scattering way, all of which was 

 favorable for the habitat of the quail, and quail there were 

 in abundance. Pull, large bevies was the rule. 



Horses there were for all, though from the best to the 

 poorest was a longjspan, with a motley collection of tempers, 

 kinds and blemishes within it. Yet they were good enough 

 for the purpose. 



No animal, en passant, ever earns its $125 pev diem more 

 plumply than a country horse at a field ti'ial. However 

 sportive or buoyant he may start in, or however great his 

 self esteem may be, on coming out at the end of the week he 

 is sedate and careworn and tired. What with plodding 

 Avearily through soft fields and thickets, jumping ditches or 

 sprawling through them at a hazard, and going on, on and 

 on hour after hour in a walk, trot or gallop, is it to be won- 

 dered at if the field trial horse could not smell the battle 

 afar off, at the end of the week, or even could not smell 

 at all? 



The regularly appointed judges were Messrs. S. C. Bradley, 

 Greenfield Hill, Conn.; J. B. Stoddard, Chicago, and W. W. 

 Titus, WaA'-erly, Miss., all professional handlers, whose deeds 

 in the thick of successful field trial competition form ho 

 small part of the annals of it in this country. 



Owing to some delay caused by a railroad Avreck Mr. Titus 

 did not arrive till Monday noon, therefore Mr. W. A. Coster, 

 the secretary of the club, "acted in his place by appointment 

 of the governors in judging the Derby, which stake was run 

 first. 



There was a good attendance of sportsmen, many of them 

 well-known field trial men, while there were a few neAA' 

 comers. Nearly all Avere from the North, as the following 

 partial list will show: There were Messrs. James G. Orr, 

 Brooklyn; P. Lorillard, Jr., E. E,. Hearn, Thomas Sturges, 

 W. Pritchett and Prof. B. H. Osthaus, New York; A, T. 

 Latta and W. A. Latta, DeuAw; EdAA-ard Dexter, Bo-ston ; 

 Albert Baker, Terre Haute; T. H. Gibbes, Columbia, S. C; 

 P. Moeller, Nyack, N. Y.; C. H. Phelps, Jr., Walter B. 

 Smith, Philadelphia; P. Henry O'Bannon, C, T. Joyce, 

 Greensboro, N. C; G. Muss-Arnolt, Tuckahoe, N. Y.; T. H. 

 Beall, Linwood, N C; T. L. Bossa. New Canaan, Conn.; A. 

 V. Brewster, Troy, N. Y.; Prof. J C. Schuyler and son, 

 Lincolnton, N. C; Luke W. White, Frederic'ksljurgh, Va.; 

 J. S. Churchill, New York; E. J. Daw, Washington, D. C, 

 and many others. 



The competition was skillfully managed and satisfactorily 

 decided. Much praise is due the judges for their painstak- 

 ing industry and care. They had a perfect grasp of all the 

 details of their duties, and could promptly estimate the 

 value of any situation or combination of details to a nicety. 

 They could easily nnderstand the circumstances of any dog's 

 Avork at a glance, yet a few of the handlers wasted some 

 thought and efl:ort in defining to them the excuses for a 

 point which was birdless or a flush which was straight and 

 inexcusable, yet they seemed unconscious that they made no 

 impression on men who could not be deeeiA''ed inasmuch as 

 they were expert handlers themselves. 



The new grounds and better accommodations seemed to be 

 more satisfactory to everybody, and the prospects of the club 

 are better accordingly for greater and better trials hereafter. 



Of the winners in the stake. Miss Ruby, by steady, uniform 

 Avork of good character, won first. She showed clean and 

 quite thorough point work, besides industrious seeking for 

 birds at good range and speed. 



Dick Pox ran an excellent heat, showing dash, range and 

 skillful point work. He ran under his hunting form in his 

 first heat, AA'hich injured his chances for a higher place. 



Third place Avas difficult to decide, there beina; several 

 which had done good and fast Avork, and others which bad 

 shown possibilities of working well. Kent Elgin, on the 

 whole, ran much under his grade of Avork exhibited in the 

 United States trials, and but little more pi-aise than that he 

 showed good speed can be bestOAved on Count Gladstone. 

 These two divided third. 



The Derby. 



The Derby was for all setter or pointer puppies Avhelped 

 on or after Jan. 1, 1892. Three prizes: First 500, second $250, 

 third $150, and Breeder's cup, \'alue §100, to the breeder of 

 the Avinner of the Derby. 



There were 19 starters draAvn to run in the following order: 



T. H. Gibbe's liver and white dog Lad's Rush (Lad of Rush 

 —Devonshire Bell of Bell), J. Wil.son, handler, with F. R. 

 Hitchcock's black, white and tan dog Solitaire (Roi d'Or— 

 Tory Diamond), J, M. Avent, handler. 



P. Lorillard, Jr. 's lemon and white bitch Beryl (Gladstone's 

 Boy— Ruby D.), C. Tucker, handler, AA'ith F. R. Hitchcock's 

 black, white and tan bitch Topsy (Count Gladstone — Tory 

 Diamond), John White, handler. 



Aa' ent & Thayer's black, white and tan bitch Thalia (Jean 

 Val Jean— Lucy Avent), J. M. Avent, handler, Avith E. L. 

 Gilmer's black, white and tan bitch Miss Hattie(Gath'sHope 

 —Queen Noble), P. L. Bevan, handler. 



CharlottesAdlle Field Trial Kennels' liver and white bitch 

 Selah (Rip Rap— Dolly), Capt. C. E. McMurdo, handler, Avith 

 P. Lorillard, Jr. 's black, white and tan bitch I^ady Ara- 

 minta (Eugene T.— Dell Rivers), C. Tucker, handler. 



P. Lorillard, Jr.'s black, white and tan bitch Leona 

 Eugene T. — Be.ss of Hatchie), C. Tucker, handler, Avith John 

 Brett's blue belton bitch Maid Marion (Rockingham — ^Myr- 

 rha 11.), OAvner handler. 



Henry Pope's blue belton dog Cactus (Rockingham- Myr- 

 rha IL), John Brett, handler, AA^ith Eldred Kennels' black, 

 white and tan bitch Pauline (Paul Gladstone— Kill Ray), W. 

 H. Hammond, handler. 



Blue Ridge Keonels' black, white and tan dog Blue Ridge 

 Mark (Gath's Mark— Ollie T.), D. E. Rose, handler, with 

 Greensboro Kennels' black, white and tan dog Rod's Mark, 

 F. L. Bevan, handler. 



Chas. P. Stokes's black, Avhite and tan bitch AUene (Gath's 

 Mark— Ruby's Girl), D. E. Rose, handler, with Avent & 

 Thayer's black, white and tan dog Topsy's Rod (Roderigo— 

 Topsy AA^ent), J, M. Avent, handler. 



Chas. P. Stokes's black, Avhite and tan bitch Bessie Shoupe 

 (Gath's Hope— Countess Rush), D. K. Rose, handler, with 

 Avent & Thayer's black, Avhite and tan dog Tate (Jean Val 

 Jean— Mamie Avent), J. M, Avent, handler. 



. P. Lorillard, Jr.'s black, white and tan bitch Antoinette 

 (Antonio— Dai.sy Hunter), C. Tucker, handler, a bye. 



The average performance of the competitors was not note- 

 Avorthy for merit, though some of the be.st heats were fairly 

 good. There Avere a number of heats which Avere inferior in 

 the quality of the AVork exhibited. Some of the entries vvere 

 short of experience, and several showed capabilities AA'hich, 

 AA'ith more experience, ought to result in better perfonuance. 



None of the dogs ran Avith uniformity. The ones Avhich 

 ran best did mixed work, good and bad. Saving Topsy's 

 Rod, the competitors were in merit from fairly good down 

 to poor performers. 



Topsy's Rod won the stake easily, he excelling his 'com- 

 petitors in every particular, excepting Allene's work on scat- 

 tered birds, and a matter of style in respect to several. He 

 is industrious, enthusiastic in his work and a good per- 

 former. He goes at high speed and beats out a good range._ 



Allene in her first heat seemed to be a dangerous competi- 

 tor, but her first heat Avas far the best. 



Tate was a strong competitor for .second. While he had 

 not done any Avork which was high class, his work had been 

 uniform, of a fairly good grade, and had he made a spurt or 

 two when in thick Avork on scattered birds, his chances 

 Avould have been far greater. Selah divided third with Tate. 

 She raTi in good form in one heat, but in her other heats she 

 ranged with poor judgment, though seeking diligently 

 throughout the heats. 



MONDAY. 



The air was crisp and bracing, the .sun, which shone clear 

 and bright, not haAnng dissipated entirely from the air the 

 heaA^y frost of the previous night. The start was made about 

 three miles from toAvn. Birds there were in abundance, 

 though at such times as ordinary dogs ran there appeared to 

 be a, scarcity. Yet, taking the Avork, good, bad and indifter- 

 ent, there was by night a total result of twenty-two beAies 

 found, which Avas two bevies less in count than the score of 

 some othcL- gentlemen who kept a tally on them. SaA'e the 

 work of four or five dogs, the competition of this day was in- 

 ferior. Much time was lost betAveen heats by the dogs being 

 far away in the AA-agon. 



First Series. 



Lad's Rush and Solitaiek began at ,8:55 and ended at 9:48. 

 Neither dog did any good Avork, though there were abundant 

 opportunities. Solitaire went the Avider, yet at times broke 

 away from work to the gun and was difficult to again i;et in 

 control. Ru.sh pointed a beA'y nicely in the open, and was 

 held some minutes Avhile Solitaire was calhd in to back, but 

 he was not within call. Rush was unsteady to shot. Ou the 

 scattered birds. Solitaire flushed tAvice, and made one point 

 to which nothing Avas found. Bird after bird was flushed ou 

 ground Avhich the dogs had worked OA-er. They made a poor 

 showing under favorable conditions. 



Beetl AXD Topaz began at 10:09 and ran 41m. Topaz 

 pointed a large bevy in sedge. It flushed Avild. On the 

 .scattered birds Beryl pointed one. At the same time Topaz 

 broke away from control and was quite unmanageable during 

 the rest of the heat. Among the scattered birds she flushed 

 five times in succession under good conditions for clear 

 point Avork. Beryl Avas the better ranger, though not a Avide 

 one, and Avorked to the gun. Topaz needs a lot of flni.shing 

 in her training. 



Thalia Asd Miss Hattie ran 38m., beginning at 10:58. 

 Hattie pointed a bevy in corn, though after the first stifi'eu- 

 ing she stood in a half point listlessly, then broke in and 

 flushed the beA'y. After a short search Hattie pointed a 

 bevy nicely and Thalia backed Avhen cautioned. As the 

 bevy flushed Hattie chased beyond control. Many opportu- 

 nities to point oiithescattered'birds were not seize"d, though 

 each got a good point on singles. Hattie required a lot of 

 whistling and calling to keep her in control, and needs a 

 good deal of training. The beat Avas ordinary. 



Selah and Aeaminta Avere started at U:.50 and ran 35m. 

 Excepting a bevy flushed by horsemen, no birds Avere found 

 during this time. The running was suspended and the 

 party' Avent to lunch. Lady made two flushes on scattered 

 birds and Selah by the edge of a large ditch pointed a bevy 

 well which was in the ditch. Lady Hushed a bird and next 

 she pointed a bevy well. Selah was much the better ranger 

 and beat out the ground intelligently. She made the best 

 exhibition of sensible ranging of any dog in the .stake up to 

 that time. The heat ended at 2:01, 



Leona akv> Maxd MAtaoN.— Ran oOm., beginning at 2:06. 

 Neither ranged Avide, but the range of Maid Avas very narrovv 

 and her spe^d slow. Leona did all the work on birds, one 

 point on a bevy, one on a single and a point on a single 

 which she passed ou and flushed. 



Cactus and Pauline Avere started at 2:41. Neither .shoAved 

 much aboA'e ordinary. Their range Avas narroAV, and they 

 seemed to be lacking in knowledge of bird Avork. Cactus 

 made a point on scattered birds, and one on footscent. Up 

 at 3:17. 



Blue Ridge Makic and Rod's Mark began at 3:20. A 

 bevy flushed suspiciously close to lilue Ridge Mark, but he 

 evidently caught no scent of it, as he kept straight on his 

 course. After a turn to the end of the field, the brace was 

 Avorked back to the scattered birds Avhich had settled in the 

 open Aveeds. Blue Ridge Mark handled hard, constant 

 whistling and calling being necessary to work him. Rod's 

 Mark had found the trail of a .single and was roading, Avhen 

 Blue Ridge Mark happened to come up on it and pointed it. 

 The scattered birds then flushed. Moved on and both dogs 

 soon roaded and pointed alternately. They were ordei-ed in 

 another direction, for seemingly they had failed to l(.>cate, 

 but the horsemen flushed a bevy close by which the dogs 

 had almost roader] to a find. Up at 3:55. Both dogs handled 

 hard. Blue Ridge Mark showed speed, but did not beat out 

 his ground with judgment. Rod's Mark Avas diligent too, 

 but had but average range. 



Allene and Torsr's Rod ran the heat of the day, and a 

 good heat it was for any competition. They began at 8;.58. 

 Rod made a point on a single in weeds. Then Allene pointed 

 the scattered birds. Next Rod pointed and moA-ed on and 

 the bird flushed Avild. Allene made two flushes on singles, 

 111 Avoods both pointed on the same single, then each got an 

 independent point on single birds. In the open Aveeds Allene 

 was roading nicely on a bevy which one of the party acci- 

 dentally walked up. She next pointed a bevy in alders, and 

 Avas doing good Avork. Next in the open she roaded and 

 pointed alteiTiately on the trail of a bevy which she at last 

 pointed, standing to it in stylish firmness. Rose did not go 

 to the right place, though near the bevy. He ordered Allene 

 on, and Rod to one .side was sent in and got the point. All 

 the credit of the Avork belonged by right to Allene and it 

 probably was so considered. Then Allene secured three good 

 points on singles and Rod one, the latter also pointing, but 

 nothing found to it. Up at 4:30. Rod was the Avider ranger, 

 yet he did not work out his ground so thoroughly as Allene. 

 Both had excellent speed. Allene was the sharper and Aviser 

 in bird work, 



Bessie Shoitpe and Tate began their heat at 4:37 and 

 ended at 5:14, Bess pointed; nothing found. Tate pointed a 

 beA'y and was backed, then on the scattered birds Bess out- 

 worked him completely, making three good points. Her 

 style Avas the better of the two. 



Antoinette a bye, and was started under Mr. Stoddard's 

 charge at 4:47, and ran thirty minutes. She had Rose, one of 

 Mr. Lorillard's other dogs, for a running mate. In a hollow 

 they found birds, but which was first it was imposstible to 

 determine. They movud up, and Antoinette had the point 

 and Rose was backing Avhen we got in sight of them. On 

 scattered birds Antoinette pointed tAvice in woods just as the 

 bird flushed. 



This ended the day's work. The jiJdges in the evening 

 selected eight dogs for further competition, namely, Topsy 



Rod, Allene, Bessie Shoupe, Leona, Selah, Antoinette, Tate 

 and Blue Ridge Mark. It AA'as quite a good selection, though 

 in respect to Leona, I considered her work inferior to that of 

 Beryl, though the latter made but little showing in jioint 

 work, yet .she could not mpke a good showing in competition 

 with a'partially trained dog, which of itself was not a poor 

 reason for giving her further trial. 



TUESDAY. 



Heavy clouds were piled together in dense masses, shut- 

 ting off every ray of sunlight. There were signs of better 

 Aveatber, but a few morapnts before the first brace was cast 

 off a light .sprinkle of ruin began falling steadily, which con- 

 stantly increased iu volume until it became a steady rain. 

 The temperature turned colder. After the second brace ran 

 the judges announced that the competition was suspended 

 on account of the rain. Then followed an uncomfortable 

 ride of five miles or more in the rain to town. 



ToPST's Rod and Blue Ridge M.akk Averc cast off at 9:35. 

 They had hardly gone 50yds., when both struck the trail of 

 a bevy, Rod in the .stubbie where the birds had inferentially 

 just left and Mark in the woods, the dogs pointing about 

 40yds. apart. Mark was nearer the birds and roaded to a 

 point. Rod roaded rapidly toAvard the weeds and. showed he 

 could folldw on a trail quickly and accurately. He was run- 

 ning in good form, diligently and cheerfully. Mark showed 

 good speed and quality also, though not quite equal to Rod 

 in range. L"p at 9:50. 



Bessie Shoupe axd Selah began at 9:54. Selah in the 

 open roaded nicely to a point on a bevy. Rose called Bess 

 in and brought lipr toward Avhere Selah Avas reading, and 

 she, too, got a point on the bevy. Aside from shoAving that 

 she could point, she had no claim to the piece of work, 

 Selah Avas decidedly superior in range and .speed, covering a 

 good scope of ground .and Avorkiog Avith judgment. On the 

 scattered birds Selah pointed a .single and Bess pointed 

 footscent apparently. Selah made an excusable flush, or 

 rather the bird Avas wild and fiushed as the bitch Avas walk- 

 ing. toAvard it. Up at 10:06. The j-ain was thickening, and 

 no further work was attempted on this day. 



WEDNESDAY. 



The heaA^y rain had thoroughly soaked everything exposed 

 to it, and the grass, Aveeds and other vegetation were bur- 

 dened Avith heavy drops of Avater. A dense fog obscured the 

 Anew, and there were signs which indicated that the storm 

 might not yet be over. A late start Avas made, and after a 

 three-mile drive over roads heavy Avith mud, the competition 

 Avas re.sumed. The fog gradually lifted, the clouds broke 

 aAvay, and the afternoon was warm and pleasant. The work 

 of the day was of a tame character. No dog ran a clean, 

 sharp heat, or CA'en a heat which Avas a uniform average 

 grade of good field trial work from start to finish. 



Bessie Shoupe and Selah, which wpre ordered up on ac- 

 count of rain yesterday, were started at 10:.52 to com inue their 

 unflnished heat. Selah pointed a bevy and was backed by 

 Bes.sie, and to .shot both Avere steady. On the. scattered birds, 

 Selah made several flushes, and Be.s.sie made two points on 

 singles and one point to Avhich nothing was found. Neither 

 showed above ordinary in range, pottered frequently, and 

 beat out the ground Avith little regard to regularity. Up at 

 11:17. 



TATE AND Antoinette were cast ofl' at 11:20. The weeds 

 were so wet that the handlers preferred to ride horseback, 

 and, with the consent of the judges, they so rode. A.ntoin- 

 elte flushed a lievy. Sent on, Tate pointed a bevy in the 

 open, which fiu.shed wild. Tate pointed on the .scattered 

 birds, Antoinette backed Avell for a few moments, then broke 

 her back. She avhs puppyish and inat tentive to her Avork, 

 though she ran well for her own pleasure. With more expe- 

 rience she will greatly improve. Tate hunted intelligently 

 for birds, had a fair range, and did some clean point work. 

 Up at 11:3.5. 



Allene and Leona, at 11:43, started in a cornBeld. AUene 

 pointed a bevy well and Avas backed. Both Avere steady to 

 shot. The birds Avere folloAved to dense cover, Avhere Leona 

 secured a point on a .single. Allene pointed a beA-y in corn. 

 Neither showed good range, while Leona was friA'olous in 

 her Avork. Alipne did not work independently at times, and 

 ran much below the form displayed in tier Hr.st heat. 



Blue Ridge Makk xsu SI';laii were cast ofl" after lunch, 

 at 1:24, and AA-ere ordered up in 33m. without finding. Neither 

 ranged Avith judgment. Selah made one point, to which 

 nothing was found. 



TATE AND Allene began the final heat at 2:10. Allene 

 pointed a bevy nicely and Tate backed. They behaved well 

 to wing and .shot. On the scattered birds in cover Allene 

 was quicker and sharper in locating and pointing. Tate 

 pointed a single and Allene backed. A Uene made two points 

 on singles. Tate in the open made a flush on a bevy, Avhich 

 flew biit a few yards into cover. Allene got a good point on 

 a single of it, and the heat ended. Time, 2:17. Allene out- 

 pointed Tate, A\ hile he was the better in range and judgment 

 in working his ground. 



The Avinners were announced ab follows: First, Topsy's 

 Rod; second, Allene; third was divided betAveen Tate and 

 Selah. 



The All-Agre Stake. 



This stake was open to all setters and pointers which had 

 never avoii a first prize in an All- Age open stake at the Phila- 

 delphia, Southern, United States or Central field trials. The 

 prizes were, first if500, second -$350, third ^ir>Q. 



It will be noted that 16 out of the 20 starters are dogs 

 whose names have figured iu field trials before. It wa.'* 

 strictly professional in its composition, excepting one entry. 

 The drawing took place on Monday night. The order of 

 running was as follows: 



P. Lorillard, Jr.'s orange and Avhite bitch Miss Ruby 

 (Gladstone's Boy— Ruby D.), C. Tucker, handler, Avith Blue 

 Ridge Kennels' black, white and tan dog Dick Fox (Chance 

 —Countess Rush), D. E. Rose, handler. 



W, Carr's black and Avhite ticked dog Dion C. (Roi d'Or 

 —Mildred), T. H. Beall, handler, Avith Avent & Thayer's 

 black, Avhite and tan dog Chevalier (Jean Val Jean— Lucy 

 Avent), J. M. Avent, handler. 



F. R. Hitchcock's black, Avhite and tan dog Roi d'Or 

 (Roderigo — Bo Peep), J. White, handler, Avith C. C. M. 

 Hunt's lemon and white pointer dog Grouse (Mainspring — 

 Swain's Fly), John Lewis, handler. 



Greensboro Field Trials Kennels' black and white ticked 

 bitch Hope's Quepn (Gath's Hope — Q.ue*^n Noble), F. L. Bevan, 

 handler, Avith (.'harlot tesville Field Trial Kennels' black dog 

 Winnipeg (Manitoba Toss — Pitti Sing), C. E. Buckle, 

 handler. 



Hempstead Farm Kennels' liver and Avhite pointer bitch 

 Sanford Druid (Exon Don — ^Sanford Quince), A. Cameron, 

 handler, with AA^ent & Hitchcock's black, white and tan 

 dog Count Gladstone (Count Noble— Ruby's Girl), J. M. 

 Avent, handler. 



T. E. Shreve's black, white and tan dog Mecca (Paul Glad- 

 stone — Latonia), John Lewis, handler, with P. Lorillard, 

 Jr.'s, liver and Avhite bitch Antevolo (Count Noble — Trinket 

 II.), C. Tucker, handler. 



P. Lorillard, Jr.'s, black, white and tan bitch Dot Rogers 

 (Roderigo— Gladstone's Girl), C. Tucker, handler, Avith Blue 

 Ridge Kennels' orange and Avhite bitch Hope's Mint (Gath's 

 Hope — Dashing Lady), D. E. Ro.se, handier. 



F. R. Hitchcock's black, Avhite and tan bitch Be.ss (Chance 

 —Bessie Avent), J. White, handler, with Hempstead Farm 

 Kennels' liver and Avhite dog Bob Cooper (Roi d'Or — Mis-s 

 Nellie Y.), A. Cameron, handler. 



Major J. R. Purcell's liver and white pointer bitch Lady 

 Margaret (Dick SAviveller— Countess Bang), owner, handler, 

 witli P. Lorillard, Jr.'s, black, white and tan dog Eugene 

 T. (Count Noble— Ruby's Girl), C. Tucker, handler. 



