Deo. 9, 1893.1 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



498 



Delaware Game is Going. 



Rehoboth, Del., Nov. 19.— The ducking so far has been 

 very poor this fall. There are a good many small ducks, 

 teal, or what they call them here, "butterballs," being the 

 most numerous, A party came down here from Phila- 

 delphia last week and spent three days down Rehoboth 

 Bay at a gunning shanty; they only got two geese and 

 about half a dozen black ducks and teal. I have only 

 shot about fifty teal this whole fall, but I only go to a 

 pond a short distance from my office, and only stay an 

 hour or so. There are so many gunners that the game is 

 very wild. Nearly every farmer and his hands have 

 guns, and as they have nothing else to do they go and 

 scare the game up. Rabbits and squirrels they have been 

 shooting at ever since last August, and they are about 

 exterminated now. I did raise two coveys of partridges 

 early in October, but as I have not seen anything of them 

 lately I think they are all killed. Although the game 

 law of this State does not allow killing them at all for 

 three years, the people here claim and take the right to 

 do as they please on their own land, and as no one seem& 

 to care they kill off everything. G. 



West Virginia Game Scare. 



Centrax, City, "W. Va.— At the beginning of the shoot- 

 ing season, which began Nov, 1, our sportsmen soon as- 

 certained that the severe winter had been destructive to 

 the quail, and they did not pursue their sport with charac- 

 teristic enthusiasm. This is the first season since my 

 residence in West Virginia that I did not take up my gun 

 and start for the fields on the opening day. Others 

 seemed to feel as I do— that with the scarcity of the birds 

 there should be little shooting. A few days ago I went 

 out without a dog and started three coveys, in all perhaps 

 25 birds. I saw more than I expected to see. But the 

 strangest part of the hunt was that I didn't see a single 

 rabbit, though I beat the best of ground. Got but 3 quail, 

 leaving, you see, a good lot for seed. 



Ducks were plentiful during their migration a week or 

 so ago, and the reverberation of gun reports told the story 

 of effort more than of success, considering the amount of 

 game brought in, I think our fowlers do not know the 

 stratagem necessary in duck shooting on the Ohio— at 

 least didn't practice it. * * 



California Shooting. 



Los Angeles, Nov. 21. — The ducks are with us. Gan- 

 vasbacks are reported as being plentiful at Bear Valley 

 Lake, about sixty miles from here, and large bags are 

 being made by those who have the time for the trip. A 

 well known sportsman of this city bagged one day this 

 week sixty-three ducks in eighty-seven shots, all single 

 birds, and he only shot from daylight till 9 A. M. His 

 bag included eight mallards and one canvasback. I was 

 out yesterday and killed a brace of those choice birds. I 

 presume that the recent cold weather and liigh winds 

 drove the flight down from the north. The majority of 

 the birds bagged so far have been widgeon and green- 

 wing teal. Quail shooting in the immediate vicinity is 

 not what it might be, and one has to go about thirty 

 miles to get really good shooting. Culpepper. 



Loyalty and Disloyalty. 



Central City, W. Va. — We have pot-hunters and law- 

 breakers here just as other places have them. Some 

 boast of their disregard of the laws. To such I have put 

 the question, "Isn't it dishonesty to violate the game 

 laws?" "Well, no, we can't see it that way," they 

 answer. "But, see here, don't you defraud the honest, 

 law-abiding citizen when you kill game before the season 

 opens and thus take the game that was his as much as 

 yours?" A veteran, who talked loudly of loyalty, exhibited 

 his inconsistency in declaring his disregard of the game 

 laws. I reproved him by telhng him that disobedience to 

 any reasonable law, especially, is disloyalty. In principle, 

 if not in degree, unlawful shooting of game is rebellion 

 as well as secession. XX. 



Nebraska Game of 1893. 



Sutton, Neb,, Nov. 29.— Quail are reported as being re- 

 markably plentiful in this vicinity this fall and good bags 

 are still being found within a few miles of town. Other 

 game is scarce and no chickens at all this year, and 

 owing to the ponds being mostly dry no ducks have been 

 seem Cottontail rabbits are, however, quite plentiful 

 and this morning's light snow insures plenty of sport 

 for those who are able to go out. Being unable to go, I 

 have to content myself with wishing good luck to the 

 fortunate ones. , 



In the Adirondacks.D 



Keene Valley, N. Y., Nov. 20.— O. M. Crawford 

 caught a small bear in a deadfall a few days ago. Bear 

 are reported to be very plenty this fall. Deer are very 

 plenty where we hunted now. I hope they will change 

 the law and have it later. That is what every good hunter 

 says. I went to North ^Hudson hunting partridges the 

 other day; did not have any luck; they are very scarce 

 and wild this fall. E. W. B. 



Feathers for Bonnets. 



The veteran trapper and white egret hunter Smith left 

 for Mexico via San Francisco Wednesday. Mr. Smith 

 went as far south as Tepic on his last trip. He received 

 a little over $3,500 for his skins and bird plumes, which 

 he gathered in eighteen months. — Yuma {Arizona) Senti- 

 nal, Nov. S5. 



Massachusetts Sportsmen in South Carolina. 



Blacksburg, S. C,,Nov. 25.— Messrs. J. H. Wesson and 

 O. E. Hodskins, of Springfield, Mass., are registered at 

 the Cherokee Inn, and will spend some time hunting in 

 this section. 



A NEW-STJBSCRtBER OFFER. 



A bono fide new subscriber sending us $5 wiU receive for that sum 

 the Forest axd Stream one year (price $4) and a set of Zimmerman's 

 famous "Ducking Scenes" (advertised on another page, price %S) 

 $9 value for $6. 



This ofEer is to new subscribers only. It does not apply to renewals. 



For 83 a bona fide new subscriber for six months wiU receive the 

 FoKKST AOT Stream during that time and a copy of Dr. Van Fleet's 

 handsome work, "Bird Portraits for the Young" (the price of which 

 i»S3). 



MODERN SPORTING GUNPOWDERS 



In the Light of the Public Powder and 

 Primer Tests Carried out at Chi- 

 cago and Carney's Point, 

 New Jersey. 



BY ARMTN TENNER, 



Expert in GuDpowder, Guns and Ammuaitlon. 



American wood powder, 43grs., equal to 2.72 grams, l^oz , equal to 

 ■ ■ " ~ Nitro Club shell, U. U. C. ^ ' 



[Continued from page 1,73.] 

 The Chronograph and its Connections. 

 The electric current A passes through a fine copper wire 

 stretched across and immediately in front of the muzzle 

 of the gun, as shown in Fig. B, and the electro-magnet a 

 on Fig. A; the electric current B pas- 

 ses through the electro-magnet b and 

 the target placed at a certain distance, 

 for taking the velocities of shot char- 

 ges, preferably at 40 yards, from the 

 gun. The figure "SO vi." appearing 

 on Fig. B stands for 30 meters, equal 

 to about 100 feet. 



The target is so arranged as to rest 

 against a metalhc contact z and is 

 pressed against this by means of the 

 spiral spring s. 



The electro-magnets a and b on 

 Fig. A, carry, as long as the current 

 remains closed, the cylindrical-shap- 

 ed weights a and /?. When the two 

 currents are opened, a and b lose their 

 magnetism, and thus the weights are 

 caused to drop, 



In quitting the muzzle of the gun 

 the shot charge tears the wires and 

 thereby opens the current A, causing 

 the weight a to drop, a certain time 

 thereafter the pellpts reach and strike 

 the target and by their force press the 

 latter away from the contact z, open- 

 ing thus the current B and forcing 

 the weight /3 to drop. In falling the 

 latter strikes 

 on a round 

 plate g, releas- 

 ing a knife m 

 held up to this 

 . ^ time by the 



^g- ^- hook h. The 



knife m is actuated by a spring 

 which causes it to move quickly 

 and with considerable force in the 

 direction of the faUing weight a, 

 nicking the zinc-sheath of this at 

 a certain point. 



If the shot cloud in traveling 

 from the muzzle to the target has 

 required comparatively a short time 

 this mark made by the knife will 

 be found near the middle of the 

 weight, but if more time is con- 

 sumed by the traveling shot, the 

 mark will appear further up on the 

 rod. The distance of this mark 

 from a certain zero point on the 

 weight shows and represents the 

 time consumed by the shot charge 

 in breaking the two currents, and 

 with the aid of a graduated rule 

 the time actually required by the 

 shot charge in reaching the target 

 can now easily be determined in 

 accordance with the rules and on 

 the basis of the laws of gravity. 



A shot-cloud at 40 yards from the 

 muzzle measm-es, according to the 

 size of the pellets, from 13 to 20 

 feet lengthwise, and the bulk of 

 the charge reaches the target 

 somewhat later than the foremost 

 or leading peUets. 



It is therefore necessary to im- 

 part to the target sufficient resistance to prevent thf first 

 arriving pellets from breaking the current, and this is 

 accompUshed by means of the spring s in the rear of the 

 target, which holds the latter in its place until the bulk 

 of the pellets have reached it and exercises their force. 



Table A.— Bursting Strain and Velocity Test. 



Thermometer 75° F., equal to 21° C. ; barometer, 29.65 ; hygrometer, 90^ 



[The fractions quoted in connection ivithfeet denote inches.'] 



DuPont's black powder, 3>4drs. FFF, IJ^oz. shot No. 7, equal to 366 

 pellets: 



43.5 grams, shot No. 7, 

 Bursting Strain. 

 6,276.9 lbs. equal 427 atm. 

 6,585.6 " •' 448 " 

 6,806.1 " " 463 

 5,4,89.0 " " 370 " 



6.144.6 " " 478 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 6,250 lbs. 

 Variation, 1,367 lbs. 



The same load in Smokeless shells: 

 Bursting Strain. 



6.923.7 lbs. equal 471 atm. 

 7,926.6 " '■ 478 " 

 6,762.0 " " 460 " 



5.644.8 " " 384 " 

 6,497.4 " " 442 " 



Mean bursting strain, 6,750 lbs. 

 Variation, 2,282 lbs. 



!. wads: 

 Velocity. 

 805.0 ft, equal 244 meters, 

 871.10 " 264 

 792.5 " " 240 

 766.0 " " 232 " 



802.4 " " 243 

 Mean velocity, 807 It. 

 Variation, 105 ft. 



Velocity. 

 875.2 ft. equal 265 meters. 

 828 9 " 251 



878.5 " " 266 

 832.8 " " 252 " 

 805.8 " " 244 



Mean velocity, 844 ft. 

 Variation, 73 ft. 



American wood powder. .3.8grs., 1%oz. shot No. 7, Climax shells, with- 

 out black powder priming, furnished by Montgomery Ward & Co.: 

 Bursting Strain. Velocity. 



■,rsting i 

 4 468 8 lbs equal iOi atm. 

 5,042.1 " 343 " 



4,865.7 " " 381 " 

 4,601.0 " " 813 " 

 4,733,4 " " .322 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 4,742 lbs. 

 Variation, 574 lbs. 



American wood powder, 3drs., IJ^oz. shot No. 7, loaded by I. Watson, 

 in U. M. C. Smokeless shells: 



858.8 ft. equal 260 meters. 

 No record. 

 710.0 " " 215 

 693.5 " 210 » 



766.0 " " 232 " 

 Mean velocity, 755 ft. 

 Variation, 165 ft. 



Buntting Strain. 

 6,117.9 lbs. equal 457 atm. 

 6,497.4 " '• 442 " 

 6,:i94.5 ■' " 435 " 

 5.747.7 " " 391 " 

 .5,968.2 " '• 406 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 6,145 lbs. 

 Variation, 7.50 lbs, 



American E. C. powder, 3drs. , IJ^oz, shot No. 7, Nitro Club shells, 

 U, M, C. wads: 



Velocity. 

 871.5 ft. equal 264 meters. 

 812.3 ■' " 246 



795.9 " " 241 " 



785.10 " 238 " 

 799.0 " " 242 



Mean velocity, 812 ft. 

 Variation. 96 ft. 



Bursting Strain. 



5.350.8 lbs. equal 364 atm. 

 5,924 1 " " 403 " 

 6,938 4 " " 472 " 



5.394.9 " " 367 " 

 5,203 8 " " ,354 " 



Mean bursting: strain, 5,762 lbs. 

 Variation, 1,735 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 789 2 ft. equal 2,39 meters. 

 828 9 •' " 251 " 

 812.3 " " 246 

 789 2 " " 239 " 

 805 8 " " 244 

 Mean velocity, 804 ft. 

 Variation, 39 ft 



American E. C. powder, 8drs., l%oz. shot No. 7, in Smokeless shells, 

 U, M. C. wads: 



Burating Strain. 



7.066.0 lbs. equal 480 atm, 

 8,217.8 " " 559 " 

 7,864.5 " " 535 " 



7.394.1 " " 503 " 

 7,-379 4 " " 502 " 



Mean bursting strain, 7,584 lbs. 

 Variation, 1,151 lbs, 

 American'E C. powder, ,38grs., equal 2.45 grams, IJ^oz. shot No. 7, in 

 Climax shells, without black powder priming, furnished by Mont- 

 gomery Ward & Co. : 



Velocity. 

 828.9 ft. equal 251 meters. 

 858.8 " " 260 



852.0 " " 258 " 



885.1 " " 268 

 8-32 3 " " 252 



Mean velocity. 851 ft. 

 Variation, 57 ft. 



Bursting Strain. 

 4,336.5 lbs. equal 295 atm. 

 3,983.7 " " 271 " 

 3,807.3 " " 259 " 

 4,160.1 " " 283 

 Miss-flre. 

 Mean bursting strain, 4.071 lbs. 

 Variation, 529 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 733.7 ft. equal 223 meters. 

 660 0 " 200 

 788 7 " " 223 " 

 669 3 " " 301 " 

 Miss-fire. 

 Mean velocity, 699 ft. 

 Mean velocity, 78 ft. 



Schultze powder, 3drs., IJ^oz. shot, in Nitro Club shells, U. M. C. wads: 

 Bursting Strain. Velocity. 

 6,2.32.8 lbs. equal 424 atm. 805.8 ft. equal 244 meters. 



6.563.2 " " 446 " 818.10 " 248 

 5,747.7 " " 391 " 812.8 " '■ 246 



6.894.3 " " 469 " 835.5 " " 2.)0 " 

 7,070.7 " " 481 " 845 5 " " 256 



Mean bursting strain, 6,501 lbs. Mean velocity, 821 ft. 



Variation, 1,:323 lbs. Variation, 40 ft. 



The Fame load in Smokeless shells, U, M. C wads: 



Bursti7tg Strain. 

 9.075 2 lbs. equal 616 atm. 

 7,770,3 " " 529 •■ 

 9,408.3 " " 640 " 

 10,378.2 " " 706 " 

 9,8:^4.3 " " 669 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 8,894 lbs. 

 Variation, 2,602 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 858.8 ft, equal 260 meters. 

 875,2 '■■ " 265 

 845 5 " " 256 

 852 0 " " 258 

 871.5 " " 264 

 Mean velocity. 861 ft. 

 Variation, 30 ft. 



Schultze powder, 38grs., l%oz. shot No. 7 in Climax shells, without 

 black powder priming, lurnished bj Montgomery Ward & Co.: 

 Biirstina Strain. Velocity. 



Bursting Strain. 

 3,717.1 lbs. equal 253 atm. 

 4,424.7 •• " 301 " 

 5,835 9 " " 397 " 

 7,100.0 " " 483 " 

 6,982.5 " " 475 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 5,611 lb=^. 

 Variation, 3,883 lb?. 



759.5 ft. equal 230 meters. 

 749 7 " ■' 227 

 75'' 5 " " 230 " 

 789 2 " " 239 " ■ 

 779.8 " " 236 " 

 Mean velocity, 767 ft. 

 Variation, ;30 ft. 



Fig. B. 



Schultze powdei (Pompton), 3drs., ll^oz. shot No. 7, in Smokeless 

 shells, U. M. C. wads: 



Bursting Strain. Velocity 



9.G72.6 lbs. equal 658 atm. 871.5 ft. equal 264 meters. 



9 927 3 " " 676 " 891.8 " '• 270 



10.787.1 " " 693 " 888.4 " " 269 



Mean bursting strain, 10,128 lb?. Mean velocity, 883 ft. 



Variation, 1,115 lbs. Variation, 20 ft 

 Schultze powder (Pompton), 3Mdrs., IJ^oz. shot No. 7, in Smokeless 

 shells. U. M. C. wads: 



Bursting Strain. Velocity. 



10,510.0 lbs. equal 715 atm. 895,0 ft, equal 271 meters. 



11,304.3 " " 769 •' 901.7 " " 273 



11,172.0 " " 760 " 878 0 " " 266 



Mean bu-sting strain, 10,995 lbs. Mean velocity, 891 ft. 



Variation, 794 lbs. Variation, 23 ft, 

 S. S. powder, 38grs., equal to 3drs., IJ^^oz. shot No. 7, Smokeless 

 shells, U. M. C. wads: 



Bursting Strain. 

 8,055.0 lbs. equal 550 atm. 

 10,099.3 " 619 " 



8.305.5 " " 565 " 

 "10,000.0 " " 6i:i » 



8.540.7 " " 581 " 

 Mean bursting strain. 9,001 lbs. 

 Variation, 2,0.4 lbs. 



DuPont's black powder FFF, 3drs., 

 Bursting Strain. 

 6,8.50 0 lbs. equal 466 atm. 

 7,554.4 •' •' 514 " 

 7,056 0 " " 480 " 



7.290.6 " " 496 " 



7.364.7 " " 501 " 

 Mean burstmg strain, 7,203 lbs. 

 Variation, 704 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 922.4 ft. equal 287 meters. 

 980 0 " 304 

 893.4 " " 278 

 908.2 " " 275 

 891.8 " " 270 

 Mean velocity, 919 ft. 

 Variation, 89 ft. 



)z. shot No. 7: 



Velocity. 



868.7 ft. equal 263 meters. 

 863.4 " •• 259 



950.0 " " 295 



886.8 " " 266 

 886 8 " " 266 



Mean velocity, 890 ft, 

 Variation, 87 ft. 



American Powder MilTs "Deadshot" FF, .3}4drs., IJ^oz. shot No. 7: 

 BxiTsting Strain. Velocity. 

 4 292 4 lbs. equal 292 atm. 785-1 ft. equal 238 meters. 



4 512 9 " 307 " 775.11 '• 235 



4' 277 7 " " 291 " 911,6 " " 276 " 



4 292 4-' " 292 " 789.2 " '• 239 



4 468.8 " " 304 " 845.0 " " 256 



Mean bursting strain, 4,368 lbs. Mean velocity, 812 ft. 



Variation, 2:35 lbs. Variation, 136 ft. 



Laflm & Rand's "Orange festra" FF. 3}4drs., IJ^oz. shot No. 7: 



Barstijig StraiiHc 

 4,189.5 lbs. equal 235 atm. 

 4,424.7 " " 301 " 

 4,071.9 " " 277 " 

 4,160.1 " " 283 " 

 4,348.3 " " 289 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 4,218 lbs. 

 Variation, 353 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 782.6 ft, equal 237 meters. 



785.10 " 238 " 

 762.6 " " 237 

 795.9 " " 241 " 



775.11 " 235 " 

 Mean velocity, 788 ft. 

 Variation, 13 ft. 



Velocity. 



833.3 ft. equal 252 meters. 



855.4 " " 259 

 951.1 '■ " 288 

 924.8 " " 280 



1,069.3 " " 318 " 

 Mean velocity, 926 ft. 

 Variation, 237 ft. 



Bursting Strain. 

 8,261 4 lbs. equal 563 atm. 

 9,760.8 " " 664 " 



7.908.6 " " 538 " 

 7,644.0 " " 520 " 



7.952.7 " " 540 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 8,313 lbs. 

 Variation, 2,116 lbs. 



The same load in Nitro Club shells, U, M. C. wads: 



Bursting Strain. Velocity. 



7.996.8 lbs. equal 544 atm. 848.9 ft. equal 257 meters. 

 8,731 8 " " 594 " 901.7 " " 273 



7.203.0 " " 490 " 835 6 " " 253 

 8,261.4 " " 562 " 901 7 " " 273 



8.099.1 " " 557 " 845 5 " " 256 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 8,058 lbs, Mean velocity, 866 ft. 

 Variation, 1,528 lbs. Variation, 66 ft. 



S. S. powder, 3drs., li/s^z. shot, furnished by Montgomery Ward & 

 Co., in Climax shells: 



Bursting Strain. 

 5,439 0 lbs, equal ,370 atm. 

 5,7:33.0 " " 390 " 

 5,174.4 " " .352 " 



6.144.6 " " 418 " 



6.041.7 " " 411 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 5,626 lbs. 

 Variation, 970 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 743.0 ft. equal 225 meters. 

 749.7 " "277 



756.2 " " 229 



779.3 " " 236 " 

 No record. 



Mean velocity, 755 ft. 

 Variation, 36 ft. 



DuPont's smokeless powder, 3i4drs., IJ^oz. shot No. 7, in Smokeless 

 shells, U. M C. wads: 



Bursting Strain. 

 9,099 3 lbs equal 619 atm. 

 9,496-3 " " 646 " 

 8.878.8 " " 604 " 

 11,127.9 " " 757 " 

 7.952.7 " " 541 " 

 Mean bursting strain, 9,510 lbs. 

 Variation, :i,175 lbs. 

 The same load in Nitro Club shells: 

 Bursting Strain. 

 7,433 5 lbs. equal 505 atm. 

 6,894.3 " " 469 " 



6.806.1 " " 463 " 



7.395.2 " " 496 " 

 5;894.7 " " 401 " 



Mean bursting strain, 6,862 lbs. 

 Variation, 1,529 lbs. 



Velocity. 

 863 1 0ft. equal 262 meters. 

 904.10 " 274 

 898.3 " " 272 

 871.5 " " 264 

 891.8 " " 270 

 Mean velocity, 886 f c. 

 Variation, 40 ft. 



Velocity. 



789.2 ft. equal 239 meters. 

 878.5 " " 266 



951.1 " " 288 

 871.10 " 264 " 



865.3 " " 268 " 

 Mean velocity, 872 ft. 

 Variation, 168 ft, 



