Dec. 23, 1893.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



541 



DuPont's black powder, bursting strain 6,9971b3., ve- 

 locity 918ft.; American wood powder, bursting s+rain 

 6,3711bs., Telocity 835ft.; E. C. powder, bursting strain 

 7,6.i51bs., velocity 883ft.; S. S. powder, bursting strain, 

 8,319Ibs., velocity 900ft.; Schultze powder (Pompton), 

 bursting strain 8,9701bs., velocity 890ft.; Schultze powder, 

 bursting strain 8,9701bs., velocity 846ft.; DuPont's smoke- 

 less powder, bursting strain 10,8101bs., velocity 872ft.; 

 Walsrode leaf powder, Slgrs., bursting strain 8,0091bs., 

 velocity 8361bs. ; Walsrode grain powder, 29grs. , bursting 

 strain 8,0661bs., velocity 847ft. 



Dividing now the sum of the bursting strain by that of 

 the velocities, we obtain the best showing for the black 

 powder and then for American wood ; they are entitled 

 to 30 and 29 points of merits respectively; then follows 

 E. C. powder, to which 28 points are awarded; next in 

 order are, with about the same values, S. S. powder and 

 the two Walsrode powders, which accordingly are 

 awarded each with 26 points; then follow the two Schultze 

 powders, each credited with 24 point, and DuPont's 

 smokeless receives 18 points. 



In reference to the evenness of bursting strains, it should 

 be remembered that the piowder showing the best 

 uniformity under all conditions, ought to receive the 

 highest recognition. 



Table M. 



THE RELATION OP THE SEVERAL POWDERS IN REOARD TO EVEKNESS OF 

 GAS PRESSURE. 













•2 



1 









strai 







o 

 g 









1 



.a 





.i 



2 



i 



'eren 



Powder. 





1 















1 



1 

 2 



riation. 



an burst 



der inflv 

 ure 



der injli 

 eat. 



eatest d 

 ween low 

 st bur^i 







1 















Lbs. 



Lbs. 



Lbs. 



Lbs. 



Lbs. 



Lbs. 



Lbs. 





4,468 



7,926 



2,947 



6,682 



2,214 



4,777 



8,458 



DuPont's smokeless. 



7,952 



13,127 



5,175 



10,589 



6,129 



4,161 



10,290 





7,203 



10,249 



3,046 



8,720 



4,228 



1,536 



5,751 





6,953 



10,054 

 8,878 



3,101 



8,503 



2,109 





3,101 



Walsrode granulated 



6,806 



2,072 



7,842 



703 



1,389 



2,425 





4,936 



10,378 



5,440 



7,909 



2,499 



1,499 



5,968 



Schultze, Pompton. . 



5,688 



10,787 



5,099 



8,237 



3,827 



4,302 



8,121 





6,850 



7,564 



704 



7,202 



2,175 



706 



2,881 





5,203 



8,217 



3,014 



6,716 



2,300 



2,301 



4,601 



Taking the figures quoted in Table M as a basis, Wals- 

 rode grain powder is entitled to 14 points of merit, and 

 DuPont's black powder to the same figure (14 points); 

 Walsrode leaf powder is credited with 13 points; Ameri- 

 can wood powder with 12 points; E. C. powder with 11 

 points; S. S. powder and Schultze powder each with 10 

 points; Schultze (Pompton) with 8, and DuPont's smoke- 

 less powder with 6 points. 



For comparing and judging the penetrative power only 

 these values are taken in consideration which were obtained 

 in each case with the best adapted sheUs. DuPont's black 

 powder is credited with 20 points of merit; S. S. powder 

 received 18 points; Schultze powder (Pompton) is rated 

 with 20 points; DuPont's smokeless powder with 19; 

 Schultze powder with 18; Walsrode grain powder with 18; 

 E. C. powder with 18; Walsrode leaf powder with 17, 

 and American wood with 17 points. 



Table N. 



SHOWING THE JTIQURKS TAKEN AS BASIS FOR COMPARING AND JCDGING 

 THE POWDERS IN REGARD TO EVENNESS OP VELOCITIES. 

















i 











at 





§1 







o 













-a 



Powder. 







S 



o 











S 



1 





i 



ill 





eates 

 nee. 







t3 









1* 







Feet. 



Feet. 



Feet. 



Feet 



Feet. 



Feet. 



Feet. 





713 



878 



165 



795 



145 



7 



235 





802 



891 



89 



846 



196 



106 



150 



S.S 



779 



1,069 



290 



924 



274 



113 



867 





782 



875 



93 



888 



178 



203 



381 





802 



1,093 



291 



947 



297 



86 



443 





772 



1,011 



269 



906 



115 



60 



269 



E. C 



789 



885 



96 



837 



187 



71 



258 





818 



685 



67 



857 



66 





67 





785 



891 



106 



838 



32 



57 



110 



In accordance with the results shown in Table N, 

 points of merit are awarded as follows: Walsrode pow- 

 der grained and Walsrode leaf powder, each 14 points: 

 E. C. powder 13 points, DuPont's black powder, DuPont's 

 smokeless and American wood powder each 11 points; 

 Schultze powder and S. S. powder each 10 points, and 

 Schultze powder (Pompton) 9 points. 



For comparing and judging the pattern, the corres- 

 ponding velocities must be taken in consideration, and 

 this done, we obtain the following gauge of rating: 

 Schultze powder receives 23 points. DuPont's smokeless 

 24, Schultze powder (Pompton) 24, DuPont's black pow- 

 der 21, Walsrode powder in grains 25, E. C. powder 24, 

 Walsrode leaf powder 21, American wood 23 and S. s! 

 powder 38 points. 



Evenness of Pattern. 



In regard to evenness of pattern the powders are classi- 

 fied as follows: Schultze powder (Pompton) is credited 

 with 14 points, Walsrode leaf powder 14, S. S. powder 14, 

 American wood 13, E. C. powder 11, Wftlsj-ode powder in 



grains 11, DuPont's smokeless powder 11, DuPont's black 

 powder 10, Schultze powder 10. 



When a powder is tested with a view to ascertain if and 

 to what extent it is hygroscopic, such an examination 

 must be extended in the direction of establishing as to 

 what a degree the powder is capable of absorbing mois- 

 ture and at what point the influence of moisture begins 

 to exercise a detrimental effect, for the reason that one 

 powder will show these signs at a lower point or per- 

 centage of moisture than will another. 



The following table shows how far the several powders 

 meet the demand made upon a propelling agent in this 

 respect from a ballistic standpoint: 



Table O. 



RESULT OP MOISTURE TEST. 



Powder. 



Percentage of moisture 

 in normal condition,. 



Percentage of moisture 

 after having been sub ■ 

 jected to influence of 

 85% humidity SU hours. 



Increase of moisture. 



Loss in velocity when 

 subjected to 75% humid- • 

 ity. 



Loss in velocity when 

 subjected to 85% humid- 

 ity. 



Total loss through effect 

 of moisture. 





Per c"t. 



Per c't. 



Per c"t. 



Feet. 



Feet. 



Feet. 





1.5 



2 



0.5 



None. 



146 



146 



DuPont's smokeless 



1.69 



2 



0.31 



20 



over 222 



242 





1.7 



4 



2.3 



121 



" 250 



371 





1.78 



3.5 



1.72 



64 



" 196 



260 



Schultze, Pompton.. 



1.76 



3.4 



1.T3 



78 



" 240 



318 



E. C 



1.19 



2.5 



1..31 



53 



188 



241 



Walsrode, in grains. 



1.68 



2.25 



0.57 



5 



38 



43 





1.66 



2 



0.34 



None. 



44 



44 





2 





5 



112 



185 



297 



On the basis of Table O points of merit have been 

 awarded to Walsrode leaf powder 15, Walsrode grain 

 powder 14, DuPont's black powder 11, E. C. powder 7, 

 Schultze 5, Schultze (Pompton) 5, DuPont's smokeless 

 powder 5, S. S. powder 4, American wood 0. 



Dry Heat Test. 



The powders increased their velocities as compared with 

 the mean normal velocity as follows: Walsrode leaf 

 powder 22ft., credited with 15 points of merit; American 

 wood powder, increase 50ft., points of merit 13; DuPont's 

 black powder, increase 56ft., 13 points of merit; Walsrode 

 grain powder, increase 55ft., 13 points of merit; DuPont's 

 smokeless powder, increase 79ft., 11 points of merit; E. C. 

 powder, increase 70ft. , 11 points of merit; S. S. powder, 

 increase 1 30ft. , 9 points of merit; Schultze powder, increase 

 185ft., 9 points of merit; Schultze (Pompton) powder, in- 

 crease 197ft., 8 points of merit. 



Test for Ascertaining fn What Deerree the Several 

 Powders Will React to Highly 

 Increased Charges. 

 This trial established for the different powders the fol- 

 lowing basis of rating: DuPont's black powder, 8 points 

 of merit; Schultze (Pompton) powder. 7 points of merit; 

 Schultze powder, 8 points of merit; Walsrode leaf powder, 

 6 points of merit; E. C. powder, 6 points of merit; Wals- 

 rode grain powder, 5 points of merit; S. S. powder, 5 

 points of merit; American wood powder, 5 points of 

 merit; DuPont's smokeless powder, 4 points of merit. 



Heatingr of Gun Barrels. 



Result of test as follows: DuPont's smokeless and Wals- 

 rode grain powder, each 5 points of merit; Schultze, 

 Schultze (Pompton) powder, wood and Walsrode leaf, S. S. 

 and E. C. powders, each 4 points of merit; DuPont's black 

 powder, 3 points of merit. 



Fouling of Gun Barrels. 



The result of this test warrants the following schedule 

 of rating: Walsrode grain powder, Walsrode leaf powder 

 and DuPont's smokeless each 8 points of merit; Schultze 

 powder, Schultze (Pompton) powder and S. S. powder 

 each 7 points of merit; wood and E. C. powder each 6 

 points of merit; DuPont's black powder I'point of merit. 



Recoil Test. 

 The recoil test furnished a result justifying a classifica- 

 tion as follows: DuPont's smokeless and Walsrode 

 grain powder each 8 points of merit: E. C, Schultze 

 Schultze (Pompton), wood, S. S. and Walsrode leaf pow- 

 ders each 6 point of merit; DuPont's black powder 3 

 points of merit. 



Smoke Test. 

 This trial showed that the various powders should be 

 rated in the following rotation: DuPont's smokeless and 

 Walsrode grain powders each 8 points of merit; Schultze, 

 Schultze (Pompton), Walsrode leaf, E. 0. and S. S. pow- 

 ders each 6 points of merit; American wood 4 points of 

 merit and DuPont's black powder no points of merit. 



Now, if we apply the gauge of value somewhat differ- 

 ent from the rule laid down herein for judging the various 

 powders, and follow in this respect the views and fancies 

 of the individual gunnei-s, the ballistic properties of a 

 particular powder will appear in a different light from 

 that established by our standard of merits. If, for 

 instance, a gunner lays no stress upon the question 

 whether or not a powder is influenced by moisture or 

 dry heat, if he does not care for smoke, recoil and heat- 

 ing of gun barrels, then the several powders will be 

 credited each with points of merits as follows: DuPont's 

 smokeless 113, Schultze and S. S. each 124, Schultze 

 (Pompton) 125, Walsrode leaf .126, DuPont's 'black 130, 

 E. C. and Walsrode grained each 132. When we pay no 

 attention to the bursting strain and the behavior of a 

 powder toward highly receive charges, then the pow- 

 ders would receive this rating: DuPont's black 117 

 points of merit, American w^ood 108, Schultze and S. S. 

 each 112, Schultze (Pompton) 115, E. C. 121, DuPont's 

 smokeless 122. Walsrode lef^f 127. Walsrode ^ain ^35, 



To some gunner the smoke may appear particularly ob- 

 jectionable, he may consider the penetration of the 

 highest importance, and he likely may regard the sums 

 allottpd for these qualities as too low. Let us see how 

 the powders will rank if we follow his inclinations and 

 views. Suppose we multiply the respective figures in 

 each case by three, the result will then be as follows: 

 American wood 194 points of merit, DuPont's black 199, 

 S. S. 201, Schultze 202, DuPont's smokeless 204, Schultze 

 (Pompton) 206, E. C. 214, Walsrode leaf 218, Walsrode 

 grain 232. 



For particularly timid souls the question as to what a 

 powder will likely do when the charge is considerably 

 increased, may be preeminent of all. He may conclude 

 that the figure allowed for this quality is insufficient. 

 Very well. Suppose we multiply this figure in every case 

 by ten and see now how the powders will show: Du- 

 Pont's smokeless would receive 186 points of merit, S. S. 

 198, American wood 199, Schultze (Pompton) 217, E. C. 

 220, Walsrode in grains 225, Schultze and Walsrode leaf 

 each 226, and DuPont's black 229. 



With the foregoing examples the different views nour- 

 ished and presented by the individual gunners may be 

 considered as exhausted, and it now remains to recapitu- 

 late the result of the judging from a strictly ballistic 

 standpoint. 





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50 Broadway, Room 103, New York City. 



Deer and Skate-Straps. 



Appleton, Wis., Nov. 27. — A singular incident occurred 

 last Saturday afternoon about a mile down river from the 

 city limits. Sly sixteen-year-old boy with others about the 

 same age were skating on Fox River, when they saw a 

 good-sized buck trying to cross on the ice, which was 

 very smooth. Of course he got down, and the three 

 "kids" surrounded him and in some way succeeded in 

 tying him head and foot with skate-straps. How they 

 did it beats me, as they said he "kicked like a mule," 

 and "his feet were so sharp." After they had him fast 

 they did not know how to manage him. They dared 

 not kill him, as my boy knew enough about the game 

 law to know that it was close season on such game. 

 Finally a man living near by suggested that they take 

 him home alive, which they thought was a good idea. 

 They got a hand sled and loaded him up, but he would not 

 stay loaded. After repeated trials they gave it up. The 

 man then offered .$5 for it. This the boys thought a 

 good offer, but when they found he proposed killing it 

 they told him he would be fined $100 at least, so he 

 withdrew the offer. The boys then towed the deer ashore, 

 cast off their lines (or straps) and bid him good-bye. He 

 slowly ascended the river bank and then skipped. Of 

 course he had been driven on to the ice by dogs. Thus 

 it appears that deer are not yet all driven out of this 

 country, when they can be found within a mile of a busy 

 city of 15,000 inhabitants. 



Hunting parties did not succeed in killing the usual 

 number this fall. October for the open season instead of 

 November is what beat them. Had shooting deer been 

 allowed this month the hunting conditions would have 

 been fine, and no doubtmany deer would have been killed. 



C. V. y. 



Green Mountain Deer. 



Springfield, Vt., Dec. 15.— It wiU be welcome news to 

 many readers to know that deer are increasing rapidly in 

 this part of the Green Mountain State. Two were seen 

 within two miles of here this summer, and last Tuesday a 

 fine buck was seen on a farm by the Connecticut River, 

 by one of the men who gather cream for the local 

 creamery. Twenty-five miles north of here they are 

 quite plenty, and the trout streams are lined with tracks. 

 A wildcat was shot by one of our farmer boys last Wed- 

 nesday. The animal came into the yard. The heavy 

 snows evidently tnade foraging a bard matter, for it was 

 yery poor, ' y( ^ W 



