126 Notes, principally Geological, on Southern India. [Jan. 



VII. — A'ofes, principally Geoloyical, on Southern India ; from the banks 

 of the Tumbuddra to those of the Cauvery,— By Lieut, Newbold, '^3d 

 L.I. 



A line drawn from the confluence of the Tumbudilra and Hogii rivers, 

 passing southerly, and a little westerly', through Bellary, Ilaidroog, 

 Chittledroog, Sera and Chinraipatam, to the fortress of Seriiigapatam, 

 will give the reader a tolerably correct idea of the route, on which these 

 notes were taken. On my return, a route a little to the east of this, by 

 Bangalore, was pursued. 



A wide expanse of sand, apparently more than a mile in diameter, 

 marks the junction of the two rivers just alluded to. A few granitic 

 blocks and bosses rise from the surface of this arenaceous waste, on 

 which may be traced distinct furrows, witl) a direction parallel to that 

 of the stream. They possess all the appearance of having been caused^ 

 like the furrows on the Scandinavian rocks, adduced by Sefstrom among 

 his evidences of a vast ancient flood, by the abrasion of pebbles, swept 

 over the surface by the force of water. But these furrows are still in 

 process of formation, and undergoing alteration, under the continually 

 renewed action of the periodical monsoon. They are generally from 

 one to two inches bread, coinciding in dimensions with those of the roll- 

 ed pebbles, found in the river bed in this vicinity, the small size of which 

 indicates the transporting power of the water not to be very great. 

 The depth of the furrows varies ; and, in some places, has been influ- 

 enced by the hardness or softness of the rock in which they occur, A 

 few tough quartz veins have successfully resisted the abrading process, 

 and are seen standing out, in high relief, from the surface of the worn 

 rock; some indeed, h;ive even formed barriers across the furrows. 



From the Tumbuddra to Bellary, the face of the country presents an 

 extensive plain, gradually rising as the traveller progresses southerly. 

 A little to the east of Kurgode, it slopes off gently to the east and west, 

 as evinced by the course the lesser streams take on their way to join the 

 Tumbuddra and Hogri. The anticlinal line, if I may so term it, is 

 marked near Beylour, by a low range of hills, having a smooth outline, 

 and running from Dasapur nearly S. S. E., and thence pursuing a N. by 

 W. direction, towards the Tumbuddra. The rocky swells, and granitic 

 elevations, in the vicinity of Tekkulkofa, are situated within the limits 

 of this line. Many of the .springs and rivulets, that v;ater the plain, 

 abound in calcareous matter, which is observed on thi'ir beds and banks, 

 both as a nodular and travertine-like deposit. The soil covering the 



