1840.] Notes, principally Geological^ on Southern India, 127 



surface, is the regur, more or less mingled with the debris of the sub- 

 jacent rocks, and the calcareous infiltrntions of springs. The substra- 

 tum is generally decayed granite or gneiss, but in many places a thick 

 bed of the nodular calcareous deposit, or of a conglomerate of the 

 granitic debris, cemented by it, intervenes, as may be observed at 

 Tekkuikota, in the welly of the village. Around the bases of the granite 

 hills, the regur is generally covered by their alluvium, which is reddish 

 and gritty. Crossing, the plain in a southerly direction towards Tek- 

 kuikota, the granite is seen rising into clustered hills, both at this place 

 and Sirragorra, having a general direction to the S. S. E., though con- 

 fused when taken in detail. Salbandes of gneiss are observed in the 

 plain, between these two places, and also beds of a chloritic and horn- 

 blende schist, running S. S. E., which alternate with the gneiss. 



Kurgode. — At this place the granite again rises into hills, not re- 

 markable fortheir height— direction more easterly than those of Tekkui- 

 kota. A well, about 50 feet deep, at a little distance from the base of 

 the hills, affords the following section :— 3 feet regur ; 45 feet calcare- 

 ous nodular deposit, cementing angular fragments of granite, and boules 

 of basaltic greenstone ; 2 feet granite. The rivulets in this neighbour- 

 hood deposit a considerable quantity of carbonate of lime. 



Bellary. — The fort of Bellary stands upon a convex mass of granite, 

 the outline of which resembles the hull of a vessel reversed. Gneiss, 

 imbedding garnets and iron pyrites, occurs in the plain : this rock, as 

 well as the granite, between Bellary and the Tumbuddra, is cut by nu- 

 merous basaltic dykes, the direction of whose main branches is general- 

 ly easterly, inclining towards the south. From Bellary toManchanhully, 

 the route lies, as far as Halicundi, over the surface of a plain, inter- 

 sected, by date nullahs. A greenstone dyke is crossed to the N. E. of 

 the latter place, and a little to the S. W. a range of hills, taking an east 

 by southerly direction, composed of chloritic and hornblende schist. 



Manchanhully. — Formation gneiss, and a fine grained granite, contain- 

 ing nests of black, brown, and silvery mica, in small scales. 



Raidroog hills and Gorisamudrum. — The Raidroog hills are of gneiss 

 and grey granite. Veins of iron ore (heematitic), and nests of mica, 

 abound in the former. Direction of the hills N. by W. 



BomanhuUy. — The lowest rock here is of a reddish felspar, rapidly 

 decomposing, traversed by beds of greenstone. 



Chittledroog. — The hills on which the fort stands are a cluster of 

 seven, terminating the northern extremity of a mountainous crescent. 

 • They are composed of a coarse-grained crystalline granite, containing a 

 large proportion of quartz, black foliated hornblende, white and red 



