1840.] On the Creed, Customs and Literatvj^e of the Jatigarns. 175 



The sect occasionally style themselves as Mdheswars, bhactas, Ganas 

 or use the names of some other attendants on Siva. But these respect- 

 ful titles are not conceded to them by others, and Bramins generally 

 look upon them as Pasandas or hereticks. 



The Linga Balj'as, a class of Hindus who abound in the Cuddapah 

 and Bellary districts are apparently the same tribe, who have been al- 

 ready described as Cannadibi or Visesha Jangams. 



Notwithstanding their rejection of feasts and fasts, the Aradhyas are 

 as strict as other Hindus in celebrating the Sivaratri feast. And the 

 Jangams though they profess to condemn such superstition usually fol- 

 low their example in this respect. 



The mantram which I have described as breathed in the ear, is 

 whispered in like manner in other sects of which a proof may be 

 seen in the present Journal, vol. iii. p. 21. 



The various mudras or attitudes used in prayer by Bramins, are obser- 

 ved by Aradhyas, as strictly as by Saivas. But the Jangam renounces 

 them. 



At the present day we rarely meet with Jangams of tolerable edu- 

 cation even in their own language. Their religious prejudice have ex- 

 cluded them from most of those schools, wherein either Christians or 

 Bramins are the masters : and I have heard of only one school at 

 Madras, wherein a Jangam (under Christian directions) is the teacher. 

 In many instances the Jangams are too poor to pay even the smallest 

 stipend for education, however earnest they may be in a desire for in. 

 struction. 



The Vira Saivas resemble the old puritans in combining the devout 

 and the warlike character. In their zeal against their religious foes the 

 Jainas, they certainly were very intolerant. In modern days the insur- 

 rection at Kittoor and that at Mangalore have shewn how turbulent they 

 can sometimes be. The king of Coorg, now a state prisoner, is a Jan- 

 gam. The Raja of Punganoor near Chittoor is of the same creed.* 



These Hindu barons are of the class already described as Visesha 

 Bhactj which is free from any peculiarity in dress, and not having taken 

 the higher vow, men of this class may not inconsistently be soldiers. 

 The Mysore raja is often mentioned as being a Sdmdnya Bhactj but it 

 would appear that though attached to worshippers of Basava he is not 

 himself a Lingadhari. 



- • The reader is requested to correct a few errata in these pages. In p. 144, line 12, for 

 found read founded. In p. 158 substitute the Rucmangada Charitra for the Bhaaumad 

 Vijayam where that name is accidentally repeated in line 21 



