840 



Geological Formation of the Himalayan Mountains, [April 



tailed by the late Capf. Herberf, Superintendent of the Mineralogical 

 Survey of the Himalayas, in a Paper in the Asiatic Researches, Trans, 

 of the Physical Class, 1829, Part I., p. 227, and may be enumerated as 

 Sulphur, Sulphate of Iron, Alum, Bitumen, Graphite, Gypsum, Lime- 

 stone, Dolomite, Potstone, or indurated Talc. To these Calc Spar and 

 Heavy Spar may be added. 



Gold, in many of the streams, and specks of it in the Granite, near 

 Kedarnath. 



Copper, Grey Copper, and Copper Pyrites, and Green Carbonate. 



Iron. — R.ed Oxide, Red Hasmalite, Micaceous, Scaly, and Specular 

 Iron Ore, Comi)act Red Iron Ore, Magnetic Iron Ore. 



Lead in form of fine granular Galena. Of the value of the mines we 

 may expect a fuller account from the investigations of Captain Drum* 

 mond, accompanied by his Cornish miner. 



KuNA'A'UR and the northern face of the Himalayas. The Geology of 

 this tract is little known, but we may expect a detailed account from 

 the results of Mons. Jacqueraont's investigations. Capt. Herbert, GL 

 iii., p. 269, has briefly indicated its characteristics. 



The Gneiss zone being stratified, and dipping at no great inclination 

 to the N. E., the consequences to be expected are, that in proceeding to 

 the north-eastward, the same succession of strata would be found, but 

 at greater elevations. And this is the fact : although the development 

 of rocks to the north is not equal in extent to those on the south side. 

 Micaceous schist, with its associates, gradually gives way to grauwacke 

 slate or grauwacke, which rocks are found at considerable elevations. 

 Limestone, with organic remains, is found in beds in these rocks, and 

 at such an elevation that the tertiary strata may be expected to occur 

 at very great heights, and even the superficial deposits which have been 

 called diluvium. 



From the physical features of the country, the existence of tertiary 

 strata might be expected, but these have been proved to exist by the Fos- 

 sils, including the skull and lower jaw of a hollow-horned Ruminant 

 (Antilope), that referred to by Capt. Herbert, Gl. iii., p. 270, with the 

 tooth of a Rhinoceros. Those of the Horse, and Ox are also mention- 

 ed as having been found. The locality of these is not known, but Capt. 

 H. concludes that they are from the northern face of the ridge which 

 separates the basin of the Ganges from that of the Sutlej, and not far 

 from the town of Dumpa. 



