1840.] 



Himalayas and of India, 



119 



most an exact representative in India. Gymnopleurus capicola, Hope, 

 and azureus, Jab. both of them African species, are replaced in the 

 East by G. sinuatus, Jab. and splendens, Hope. Sisyphus is met 

 with in both hemispheres. Epirinus is an African, as well as an 

 oriental form. Several Indian Copridse resemble those of Egypt. Co- 

 pris Midas of India and Nepal, exactly corresponds with C. Isidis 

 of Africa. C. Sabaeus and Pithecius appear common to both contin- 

 ents, and are equally abundant in Ceylon ; and several smaller species 

 of Copris, from the eastern part of Africa, if not the same, approach 

 so closely to those of Western Asia, as to induce a belief that they are 

 the same Insects, only modifieci by climate. Onitis and Oniticellus 

 have al>o several representatives in both regions, if not in some instances 

 the self-same species. Onthophagus abounds more in India than any 

 other country ; some of them unrivalled in size, splendour, and variety of 

 form. More than 120 oriental species may be seen in European cabinets ; 

 five only now are des. ribed from Nepal ; double that number, however, 

 are in too mutilated a state to be characterized. Pactolus of Nepal and 

 India, is represented in Senegal b^i Harpax, Jab. Aphodius, compared 

 with Onthophagus, as an Indian group, is quite insignificant ; scarcely 

 twenty species are recorded, including those of Manilla and the Eastern 

 Isles : a non-descript fi'om Nepal will appear in the Appendix. As there 

 is only a single specimen of Trox in General Hardwicke's collection, I 

 pass on to 



GEOTRUPID^. 



Geotrupes has been denied by Latreille to exist in India ; the Baron 

 de Jean also makes no mention of any Eastern species from that country 

 in his last catalogue. Two species are in my recollection ; one from Delhi, 

 and a second from Japan ; a third also, unique, is among Dr. Royle's 

 Insects from the Himalayas. It is probable that this genus, when found 

 in India, appears on mountains at a considerable elevation : the species 

 also may be the common food of the Shrikes of that country, as they are 

 in Europe, should those birds be found there. Orphnus, Athyreus, and 

 Hybosorus, occur in India. Bolboceas appears in some measure to supply 

 the place of Geotrupes, which last is not so important a group in the 

 East, as in a northern region. 



SCARABiEUS. 



Under this term, the gigantic and most remarkable Insects of the Old 

 World are ranged. Four species, allied to S. Atlas, Jab. are indigenous 

 to Nepal, a convincing proof that equatorial forms extend beyond the 



