170 



Mammalogy ef the Himalayas. 



[July 



stated by Mr. Hodgson* to differ from other goats by having four teats. 

 The second species has never been described, but its existence is placed 

 beyond a doubt ; Major Kennedy, while resident at Simla, had two stuff- 

 ed specimens, procured in the neighbouring mountains, and the animal is 

 mentioned by various tourists under the name of the Ibex, which it ap- 

 pears to resemble in the form of the horns and other chnracters. Dr. 

 Falconer, in the Report of his late Journey to Cashmere and Little 

 Thibet, mentions the discovery of two new species of goats ; but as he 

 does not enter into any detail on the subject, we have no means of ascer- 

 taining how f^>r ihey may prove to be identical with, or different from, the 

 two species here mentioned. Different varieties of the domestic goat, 

 the most valuable of which are the Cliangra^ or shawl goats, of two breeds, 

 distiiiguished as the larger and the smaller Changra, are found in the 

 more alpine regions ; their wool forms an article of extensive traffic, but 

 ■we are much in want of detailed comparative descriptions and good 

 figures of these, as of all the different breeds of cattle and other domestic 

 animals in India ; a subject of great interest, which has been extensively 

 iHustmted at home, but which has met with little or no attention out of 

 Europe. 



Of sheep there are likewise two wild species, and numerous domestic 

 Tarieties, found in these mountains. The Bun^hal^ called Nahoor by the 

 Nepalese {Ovis Nahoor of Mr. Hodgson), is intermediate in character be- 

 tween the Mouflon (0. Musmoii) of Corsica, the supposed parent of our 

 domestic sheep, and the Aoudad (O. tragelaphus) of Northern jA.frica, 

 which latter species it resembles in the form of the horns and the absence 

 of the crumens, or tear- pits, which distinguish the rest of the genus. The 

 second species, called Banbhera in Nepal, is less known, but appears to 

 approach very nearly to the Argali of Siberia (O. Ammon), if, indeed, it 

 be not identical with that animal. I have seen the skull and horns in the 

 Museum of the Royal Asiatic Society, to which it was presented by Sir 

 Alexander Burnes ; but as there is no specimen of the Argali in this 

 countr),- with which to compare it, I can offer no opinion as to its specific 

 difference. The animal seems to be more properly a native of Thibet 

 and Chinese Tartary, and seldom appears on the southern part of the 

 Himalayas ; at least none of my sporting acquaintances ever met with it, 

 and Mr. Hodgson was long doubtful of its existence. Of the domestic 

 sheep of the Hills, besides the Dumba, or common variety of Upper India, 

 Mr. Hodgson mentions a breed called Barwai as occurring in the Kachar, 

 and another called Hoaniahy peeuliar to Thibet : these are used as beasts 



* Journ, Asiat. Soc, iv. 710. 



