232 On Loio Steam Power to Vessels, instead of Sails. [OcT. 



power, per hour, 350 tons at 16 shillings 280 



Total expence per annum 2380 



Deduct an account of 800£ less capital than in the case of the 



sailing vessel, int. at 4 per cent . , 32 



Total expense of steaming 15,100 miles 2348 



Do. of 13,800 miles, the distance run by the sailing vessel in a 



year 2150 £ 



Expenses of sailing vessel same distance , . 2150 £ 



That is by the above estimate, the expences of working the vessel by 

 steam and by sails is precisely the same. It remains to calculate the loss 

 of tonnage and consequently of freight that would be the consequence of 

 carrying the engine and fuel. 



The average length of voyage made by the above vessel was 1800 



miles each ; supposing the steamer to carry on an average, coal for 2400 



miles, or 23 days, she would require, of coals . . 58 tons.^ 



Weight of engine 20 tons. 



Total 78 



But as she would require scarcely any space for sails, and the various 

 stores of a sailing ship, we may deduct on that account, especially as 

 her upper deck will be quite clear 40 



Actual loss of feight caused by engine 38 tons. 



Further, as the sailing vessel would not be full every voyage, but pro- 

 bably be at least 38 tons deficient in an average of her voyages, the 

 steamer would in effect suffer no loss compared with the sailing vessel 

 in carrying her engine and fuel. 



It is next necessary to ascertain what would be the comparative speed 

 on the two systems ; it has been before shown that the speed of the 

 sailing vessel averaged 3f miles per hour, and it must be remember- 

 ed that this vessel averaged considerably above merchant vessels in 

 general. The power of steam allowed is 30 horse for a vessel of 380 

 tons new measurement, which would be sufficient to propel her at 5 

 knots per hour, in smooth water and calm weather ; she would then go 



