1840.] 



On the Geology of Ctitch. 



S29 



and the strata sloping sharply from them, the conclusioQ is obvious, that 

 the liiil must have been raised by the outburst of the volcanic matter ; 

 and it is equally just to infer, that, in its passage from belov/. it must 

 have disturbed, more or less, the various beds through which it passed ; 

 and, therefore, that the form of many hills may be owing to a 1 itent exer- 

 cise of this power, even where no traces of ihe igneous matter are visible 

 near the surface, or near the raised strata. That the greater number of 

 these igneous rocks have been forced up, and are not portions of lava 

 streams which have flowed from volcanos, is very evident, from the maa« 

 ner in which the superimposed strata are affected by them. 



In a preceding part of the paper I have described a hill of quartz rock 

 near Mhurr, and shown that its strata have been violently disturbed ; 

 and I have also inferred, from the nature of the rock, that its characters 

 are due to grains of sand having been agglutinated by volcanic heat. 

 In detailing the phsenomena presented by the second formation, I have 

 shown that its strata have been also subject to great dislocations. 



In describing the upper secondary formation, I have stated, that I con- 

 ceive the hills owe their outline, presenting to the north au abrupt es- 

 carpment resting on a slope, and to the south an inclined plane, to the 

 agency of volcanic forces. In the Karee river, near Bhooj, these beds 

 have been disturbed to an extent which defies representation. Near the 

 village of Jarra, on the borders of the Runn, a bank affords a good exam- 

 ple of the manner iu which this upheaving power has acted. The la- 

 minated beds (upper secondary formation) being of a loose earthy char- 

 acter have yielded to the disturbing agent ; whilst the overlying com- 

 pact stone has broken short off, and presents a wall of rock, split by 

 such perfectly vertical lines, that at first sight I thought the stone V7as 

 columnar. 



The range of Roha-k6-Koss, composed of beds of the fourth or upper 

 secondary formation, is a good example of disturbing action. It is situ- 

 ated between the villages of Joorun and Lodye, on the borders of the 

 Runn, and extends nearly east and west for eight miles, presenting, to 

 the north, a perpendicular cliff of sandstone, which rests on a sloping 

 talus of laminated sandstone and slate-clay, and dipping at a high angle 

 to the southward. About three quarters of a mile from this main range, 

 and parallel to it, is a ridge of smaller hills, consisting principally of ba- 

 salt, intermixed, in some places, with the same sandstone as that of the 

 main hill ; and which, in the banks of the nullahs at itf: base, overlies, 

 the laminated strata. The space between the two ridges is composed 

 of large broken masses of sandstone, covered by a thick bed of gravel 



