xii 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



THE LOUCHEUX, OR KUTCHIN INDIANS. 



The Countries they inhabit. — Their Appearance and Dress. — Their Love of Finery. — Condition of the 

 Women. — Strange Customs. — Character. — Feuds with the Esquimaux. — Their suspicious and timo- 

 rous Lives. — Pounds for catching Reindeer. — Their Lodges Page 331 



CHAPTER XXXII. 



ARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY, FROM THE CABOTS TO BAFFIN. 



First Scandinavian Discoverer of America. — The Cabots. — Willoughby and Chancellor (1553-1554). — 

 Stephen Burrough (1556).— Frobisher (1576-1578).— Davis (1585-1587).— Barentz, Cornells, and 

 Brant (1594). — Wintering of the Dutch Navigators in Nova Zembla (1596-1597). — John Knight 

 (1606).— Murdered by the Esquimaux.— Henry Hudson (1607-1609).— Baffin (1616) 335 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



ARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY, FROM BAFFIN TO m'CLINTOCK. 



Buchan and Franklin. — Ross and Parry (1818). — Discovery of Melville Island. — ^Winter Harbor (1819-' 

 1820). — Franklin's first land Journe}'. — Dreadful Sufferings. — Parry's second Voj^age (1821-1823). 

 — Iligliuk.— Lyon (1824).— Parry's third Voyage (1824).— Franklin's second land Journey to the 

 Shores of the Polar Sea. — Beechey. — Parry's sledge Journey towards the Pole. — Sir John Ross's 

 second Journey. — Five Years in the Arctic Ocean. — Back's Discovery of Great Fish River. — Dease 

 and Simpson (1837-1839).— Franklin and Crozier's last Voyage (1845).— Searching Expeditions.—-. 

 Richardson and Rae. — Sir James Ross. — Austin, — Penny. — De Haven. — Franklin's first Winter- 

 quarters discovered by Ommaney. — Kennedy and Bellot. — Inglefield. — Sir E. Belcher. — Kellett.— 

 M'Clure's Discovery of the North-west Passage. — Collinson, — Bellot's Death. — Dr. Rae learns th* 

 Death of the Crews of the " Erebus" and " Terror." — Sir Leopold M'Clintock 344 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 



KANE AND HAYES. 



Kane sails up Smith's Sound in the " Advance " (1853).— Winters in Rensselaer Bay.— Sledge Journey 

 along the Coast of Greenland. — The Three-brother Turrets. — Tennyson's Monument. — The Great 

 Humboldt Glacier. — Dr. Hayes crosses Kennedy Channel. — Morton's Discovery of Washington 

 Land. — Mount Parry. — Kane resolves upon a second Wintering in Rensselaer Bay. — Departure and 

 Return of Part of the Crew. — Sufferings of the Winter. — The Ship abandoned. — Boat Journey to 

 TJpernavik. — Kane's Death in the Havana (1857). — Dr. Hayes's Voyage in 1860. — He winters at 

 Port Foulke. — Crosses Kennedy Channel. — Reaches Cape Union, the most northern known Land 

 upon the Globe. — Koldewey. — Plans for future Voyages to the North Pole 365 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



NE WFO JNDL AND. 



Its desolate Aspect. — Forests.— Marshes. — Barrens. — Ponds. — Fur-bearing Animals.— Severity of Cli~ 

 mate.— St. John's. — Discovery of Newfoundland by the Scandinavians. — Sir Humphrey Gilbert.-. 

 Rivalry of the English and French. — Importance of the Fisheries. — The Banks of Newfoundland.— 

 Mode of Fishing. — Throaters, Headers, Splitters, Salters, and Packers. — Fogs and Storms. — Seal- 

 catching 376 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 



GREENLAND. 



A mysterious Region. — Ancient Scandinavian Colonists. — Their Decline and Fall. — Hans Egede. — 'Slia 

 Trials and Success.— Foundation of Godthaab. — Herrenhuth Missionaries. — Lindenow. — The Scorcs- 

 bys. — Clavering. — The Danish Settlements in Greenland. — The Greenland Esquimaux. — Seal-catch- 

 ing. — The White Dolphin. — The Narwhal. — Shark-fishery. — Fiskernasset. — Birds. — Reindeer-hunt- 

 ing. — Indigenous Plants. — Drift-wood. — Mineral Kingdom. — Mode of Life of the Greenland Esqiii-. 

 maux. — The Danes in Greenland. — Beautiful Scenery. — Ice Caves 382 



