754 



THE POLAR WORLD. 



been able to sail fairly into tbe broad, open Polar Sea ; but as it was, tbe vessel 

 returned to Tronso in October. Petermann believes tbat tbe results of tbis expedi- 

 tion were of tbe bigbest geograpbical importance ; tbat it actually penetrated into tbe 

 open sea by its most available entrance. Two Norwegian captains, Tobiesen and 

 Mack, subsequently confirmed tbe reports of Payer and Weyprecbt. Anotber Nor- 

 wegian, Captain Carlsen, sailed up tbe coast of Nova Zembla, and discovered, at tbe 

 nortb-east extremity of tbe island, tbe remains of tbe winter encampment establisbed 

 275 years before by tbe Dut^b navigator Barentz, just as Hall, in bis first expedition, 

 found relics of the expedition of Frobisber, wbicb had remained almost twenty years 

 longer. Ulve and Smyth also sailed to the north of Spitzbergen, and found open 

 water as high as latitude 80° 27'. In 1872 Octave Pavy, a young Frenchman 

 resident of New Orleans, made proposals for an expedition, which was to leave San 

 Francisco for Kamchatka, and endeavor to reach the Polar Sea by tbe way of Bering's 

 Strait. He projected an India rubber raft, which when inflated would carry tbe crew 

 and 10.000 pounds of freight, but which was so light tbat when not in use it could 

 be packed in a barrel, and so conveyed over land. But there is no account tbat this 

 idea has be6n carried into effect. 



Ifc remains only to describe, as far as is now known, the last Polar expedition 

 undertaken bv Charles Francis Hall. 



