INDEX. 



Whale Sound, enormous glaciers of, 60. 

 White-fish, or Coregonus, of North America, 

 310, 311. 



White Sea, Castren's journey to the, 170. 

 , Chancellor's discovery of the passage 



from England to the, 192. 



, an English expedition in the, 336. 



Whymper, Frederick, travels in Alaska, 277- 



289. 



Wilkes, Captain, his discoveries in the Antarc- 

 tic Ocean, 402. 



Wilkes's Land, discovery of, 402. 



WiliiwavTs of the Strait of Magellan, 412. 



Willoughby, Sir Hugh, his voyage and death, 

 336. 



Willow, polar {Salix polaris), of Nova Zembla, 

 153. 



, dwarf, of the treeless zone, 21. 



, dwarf, on the shores of the rivers and 



lakes, 21. 



WmJ-hole Strait of the Dutch navigators, 339. 

 Winds, effects of the cold sea-winds on vegeta- 

 tion, 22. 



, influence of the, on an Arctic climate, 27. 



Winter Harbor, Parry's winter in, 345. 

 Winteria Aromatica, the, 410. 

 Witchcraft and witches of the Laplanders, 158. 

 Wolf, its attack of the reindeer, 37, 38. 



, Lapp mode of hunting the, 164. 



, in Newfoundland, 378. 



Wolverine. [See Glutton.) 

 , fur of the, 316. 



Wood, length of time necessary for the forma- 

 tion of, in the Arctic regions, 25. 

 Woman, dying, abandoned, 462. 



Wrangell, Lieut, von, his services as an Arctic 



explorer, 233. 

 , his journey to the shores of the Polar 



sea, 234. 



, his winters at Kolymsk, 238. 



, his night on the Polar sea, 239. 



, his danger, and return to St. Petersburg, 



241-243. 



Wrestling for a wife among the Tinne Indians, 

 330 ; and among the Kutchin Indians, 332. 



Y. 



Yenisei river, importance of, 17. 



Yermak Timodajeff; the Cossack robber, 192. 



, his conquest of Siberia and death, 194. 



, his monument in Tobolsk, 194, 195. 



York roads, beauty of, 412. 

 Yukon river, 278-289. 



, ice in, 283. 



Yukon, fort, 284. 



Z. 



Zembla, Nova, vast ice-fields of, 27. 



, mean temperature of, in summer and 



winter, 27. 



, the narwhal of the seas of, 60. 



, the walruses of the coasts of, 64. 



Zinzendorf, Count, his interest in Greenland, 



384. 



Ziwolka, the Kussian steersman, his voyages, 

 149, 150. 



, his meteorological observations, 150. 



THE TEOPIOAL WOELD. 



A. 



Arane^. (See Spiders.) 

 Aard-vark, or earth-hog, 608. 

 Abyssinia, elephant-hunting in, 717. 

 Acacias, 537. 

 Adjutant bird, 625, 657. 



Africa, Savannas of, 503 ; hunting in, 504 ; lake 

 region of, 506; insects of, 588, 598; serpents 

 of. 627; monkeys of, 677; lions of, 700; 

 elephants of, 715 ; rhinoceroses of, 721 ; hip- 

 popotamus of, 725; camel of, 7:^9; giraffe of, 

 731 ; zebras and quaggas of, 733. 



Alligators, of the old and new world, 635; 

 their prey, 635; size of, 636; crane caught 

 by, 637 ; men caught by, 638 ; tenacity of 

 Jife, 638 ; their young, 639 ; their enemies, 

 639; torpidity in the dry season, 500, 639; 

 feign death, 640; fights with the orang- 

 outang, 683. 



Agassiz Louis : His collection of fishes, 520 ; 

 account of natives of the Amazon, 521, 522; 

 estimate of the productions of Amazonia, 



524 ; description of Brazilian coffee-planta- 

 tions, 564 ; of the coffee-moth, 566. 



Agave-plant, the, 533. 



Alpaca, the, 483. 



Altos of Peru. (See Puna.) 



Aluates, or howling monkeys, 690. 



Amache, ant, 597. 



Amazon, River and Valley of, 517 ; extent of, 

 518; lagoons, 518; inundations, 519; vege- 

 tation of, 519 ; fishes of, 620 ; animal life of, 

 520 ; natives of, 521 ; siesta on, 554 ; alliga- 

 tors in, 636 ; turtles of, 641. 



Amphisbasnas, 521. 



Anaconda, or water-boa, 620. 



Andersson, John, Notes of, 504, 665, 667, 700, 

 701, 704, 724, 732, 735. 



Andes, the ascent of, 490. 



Animal life, general survey of, in different 

 zones, 581. 



Animals : Alpaca, 483 ; boars, 735 ; babirusa, 

 736 ; camel, 728 ; dromedary, 750 ; elephants, 

 712; giraffes, 731; hippopotamus, 725; hu- 

 anacu. 433; jaguar, 710; leopard, 708; lion. 



