346 



HUMBOLDT ON THE ORGANS OF THE VOICE. 



with each other. The last forms a new and distinct species, having 

 the abdomen covered with hair. I shall designate it by the name of 

 Simia ursina, barbata, rufa, undique pilis longis tecta. I have 

 represented, in these designs, the larynx of the Simia seniculus 



d 



c, Larynx of Simia (Edipus, opened ; d, do. closed. 



open and shut to show how the larynx rests upon the bony tambour 

 of the os hyoides, and how the air driven from the lungs enters 

 the six pouches which I found in this animal. The osseous box 

 of the os hyoides, measured by means of water, was found to have 

 a capacity of more than four cubic inches. The larynx is slightly 

 attached to it by some muscular fibres, and has communication with it 

 by a broad membranous canal. The interior of the larynx consists of 

 six pouches, two of which are in the form of pigeons' nests, having the 

 valves two lines long, and from three to five deep. These pouches 

 resemble those of the small whistling apes, those of the squirrel, and of 

 some birds ; they have the opening from above, on the same side as 

 that of the glottis, so that the air cannot enter them except by closing - 

 the epiglottis ; they present transverse muscular fibres, very red, and 

 of a dense texture. Above these pouches, there are two others, the 

 lips or borders of which are yellowish and fatty : these are pyramidal 

 sacs, and enter nearly to two- thirds into the osseous box, and are 

 formed by membranous partitions. The air forced into these sacs, 

 which are three or four inches long, and terminate in a point, comes, at 

 no part, in contact with the bone of the tambour : their opening is 

 from beneath. The fifth pouch is in the rima, formed by two tube- 

 rosities of the arytenoid cartilage : it is situated between the two 

 pyramidal sacs ; it has the same form, but it is shorter by one third. 

 The sixth is formed by the osseous tambour itself, in which the voice 

 evidently acquires that lugubrious and plaintive character so remark- 



