CHAP. Ill 



35 



region of which Europe forms a part, we will now examine 

 the birds, in order to see how far they agree in their 

 distribution with the mammalia. Of late years great 

 attention has been paid to the distribution of European 

 and Asiatic birds, many ornithologists having travelled in 

 North Africa, in Palestine, in Asia Minor, in Persia, in 

 Siberia, in Mongolia, and in China ; so that we are now 

 able to determine the exact ranges of many species in a 

 manner that would have been impossible a few years ago. 

 These ranges are given for all British species in the new 

 edition of Yarrell's History of British Birds edited by 

 Professor Newton, while those of all European birds are 

 given in still more detail in Mr. Dresser's beautiful work 

 on the birds of Europe. In order to confine our exami- 

 nation within reasonable limits, and at the same time give 

 it the interest attaching to familiar objects, we will take 

 the whole series of British Passeres or perching birds given 

 in Professor Newton's work (118 in number) and arrange 

 them in series according to the extent of their range. 

 These include not only the permanent residents and 

 regular migrants to our country, but also those which 

 occasionally straggle here, so that it really comprises a 

 large proportion of all European birds. 



I. 



BrjTisH Birds which 



EXTEND TO NOETH AFRICA AND CENTRAL 





OE, 



North-east Asia. 



1. 



Lanius collurio 



. . . . Red backed Shrike (also all Africa). 



2. 



Oriolus Galbula 



. , , . Golden Oriole (also all Africa). 



3. 





. . , . Song-Thrush. 



4. 



, , iliacus 



. . . . Red-wing. 



5. 





. . . Fieldfare. 



6. 



Monticola saxatilis 



. , , . Blue rock Thrush. 



7. 



Ruticilla suecica 



, . . . Bluethroat (also India in winter). 



8. 





, ... Stonecliat (also India in winter). 



9. 



,, cenantlic 



. ... Wlieatear (also N. America). 



10. 



Acroccphalus arundinaccus. Great Reed- Warbler. 



11. 





. . . . Lesser AVhitetliroat. 



12. 



Parus major 



. . . . Great Titmouse, 



13. 



Motacilla sulphurca ... . 



. . . . Grey Wagtail (also China and Malaya). 



14. 





... Yellow Wagtail. 



15. 



Tree Pipit. 



16. 





, Water Pipit. 



17. 



campestris 



Alauda arvensis 



Tawny Pipit. 



18. 



Skylark. 



19. 





... Crested Lark, 



D 2 



