558 



INDEX 



Map of the Indian Ocean, 425 

 of Celebes, 452 



of sea bottom around New Zealand, 

 472 



of Australia in Cretaceous period, 

 497 



Marcou, Professor Jules, on the Pliocene 



and glacial epochs, 233 

 Marmot, range of, 15 

 Mars as illustrating glacial theories, 164, 



168 



no true ice cap on, 166 

 Marsupials, range of, 30 

 Marsh, Prof. O. C., on the Atlantosaurus, 



98 



on Hesperornis, 481 

 Marsh, Mr., on camels as desert-makers, 

 296 



Mascarene Islands, 428-445 

 Mascarene plants, curious relations of, 

 442 



endemic genera of, 443 

 Mascarene flora, fragmentary character 

 of, 444 



abundance of ferns in, 445 

 Mauritius, Bourbon, and Rodriguez, 434 

 Measurements of geological time, 233 



agreement of various estimates of, 

 235 



concluding remarks on, 236 

 Meilicayo satioa in New Zealand, 515 

 IMegalaemidse, 27 

 Mcleagris, 50 



MdiloUis vulgaris, on railway banks, 

 513 



Meliphagida?, 47 



Mellis, Mr., on the early history of St. 



Helena, 295 

 Melospiza melodia, variation of, 58 

 Merycotherium, 123 



Meteorological causes as intensifying 



glaciation, 142 

 Meyer, Dr. A. B., list of mammals of 

 Celebes, 455rt 

 on birds of Celebes, 457, 45!)^ 

 Migration caused by glacial epoch, 122 

 of birds to Bermuda, 267 

 of plants from north to south, 512 

 of plants and alterations of snow 

 line, 516 



of plants due to changes of climate, 

 517 



of plants from north to south, long 



continued, 518 

 of plants aided by geological changes, 



519 



of plants by way of the Andes, 



520 



of plants by way of Himalayas and 

 South Asia, 523 



of plants through Africa, 524 

 Mild Arctic climates, stratigraphical evi- 

 dence of, 187 



causes of, 190 



dependent ou geographical changes, 

 191 



effects of high exccntricity on, 198 

 summary of causes of, 537 



Miocene Arctic flora, 183 

 flora of Europe, 123 

 or Eocene floras, 185 

 deposits of Java, 385 

 fauna of Europe and North India, 

 419 



Mississippi, matter carried away by, 172 

 Mitten, Mr. William, on peculiar British 



mosses and hepaticse, 365, 368 

 on temporary appearance of plants, 



513 



Mniotiltidse, a nearctic group, 49 

 Mnium, peculiar species of, intheDront- 



heim mountains, 368 

 Moas of New Zealand, 476 

 Mollusca, dispersal of, 78 

 Monotremata, restricted range of, 30 ^ 

 Moraines, 108 



of Ivrea, 116 

 More, Mr. A. G. , on peculiar Irish plants, 



364 



Morgan, Mr. C. Lloyd, on thickness of 

 formations not affected by denu- 

 dation, 220 

 Moseley, Mr. H. N., on seeds carried by 

 birds, 259 

 on the flora of Bei*muda, 272 

 Mosses, peculiar British, 366 



non-European genei-a of, in Britain, 

 367 



how diffused and why restricted, 



368 



l\It. St. Elias, why not ice-clad, 154 



Mountain chains aiding the dispersal of 

 plants, SI 

 as aids to migration of plants, 513 



Mueller, Baron von, census of Australian 

 plants, 492 



Murray, Sir J., on oceanic deposits, 86 

 on chalk-like globigerina-ooze, 92 

 on mean height of continents, 216 

 on land-area of the globe, 221 



Mus, 17, 26 



Mi/ffale pyrenaica, range of, 15, 24 

 M. muscovitica, 24 

 Myricafaya, 260 



Myrsine, fossil in Greenland, 186 

 Mytilus edulis, sub-fossil in Spitzbergen, 

 182 



N. 



Nares, Capt. Sir G., on snow and ice in 

 high latitudes, 135 

 on abrupt elevation of Bermuda, 264 

 Nearctic Region, definition of, 48 

 mammalia of, 48 

 birds of, 49 

 reptiles of, 50 

 Ncctariiiea osea, restricted range of, 16 

 Neilgherries, Australian plants, natura- 

 lized in, 528 

 Neotropical Region, definition of, 51 



low types of, 52 

 Nevill, Mr. Geoffrey, on land-shells of 

 the Seychelles, 434 

 on destruction of Seychelles flora, 

 445 



