CHAP. HI.] 



ZOOLOGICAL EEGIONS. 



85 



able to determine the exact ranges of many species in a manner 

 that would have been impossible a few years ao^o. These ranges 

 are given for all British species in the new edition of Yarrell's 

 History of British Birds now in course of publication under the 

 editorship of Professor Newton, while those of all European 

 birds are given in still more detail in Mr. Dresser's beautiful 

 work on the Birds of Europe, just completed. In order to 

 confine our examination within reasonable limits, and at the 

 same time give it the interest attaching to familiar objects, we 

 will take the whole series of British Passeres or perching birds 

 given in Professor Newton's work (118 in number) and arrange 

 them in series according to the extent of their range. These 

 include not only the permanent residents and regular migrants 

 to our country, but also those which occasionally straggle here, so 

 that it really comprises a large proportion of all European birds. 



I. British Birds which extend to North Africa and Central or 

 North-east Asia. 



1. Lanius collurio Eed-backed Shrike (also all Africa). 



2. Oriolus Galhula Golden Orio]e (also all Africa). 



3. Turdus musicus Song-Thrusli. 



4. ,5 iliacus Eed-wing. 



5. ,, pilaris Fieldfare. 



6. Monticola saxaiiUs Blue rock Thru<?b. 



7. Ruticilla suecica Bluetliroat (also India in winter). 



8. Saxicola ruhicola Stonechat (also India in winter). 



9. ,, mianthe Wheatear (also N. America). 



10. Acroceplialus arundinaceus Great Eeed-Warbler. 



n. Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitetliroat. 



1 2. Parus major G re at Titm ous e . 



13. Motacilla svlphurea Grey Wagtail (also China and Malaya). 



14. „ raii Yellow Wagtail. 



15. Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit. 



16. „ spiloletta Water Pipit. 



17. ,, campestris Tawny Pipit. 



18. Alauda arvensis Skylark. 



19. „ cristata Crested Lark. 



20. Emheriza schceniclns Eeed Bunting. 



21. „ citrinella Yellow-hammer. 



22. Fringilla montifringilla ... Brambling. 



23. Passer montanus Tree Sparrow (also S. Asia). 



24. domesiicus House Sparrow. 



25. Coccothraustes vulgaris ... Hawfinch. 



26. Carduelis spinus Siskin (also China). 



27. Loxia curvirostra Crossbill. 



28. Sturnus vulgaris Starling. 



D 2 



