CHAP. XVIII.] 



JAPAN AND FORMOSA. 



367 



19. Meles anahuma. Differs from the European and Siberian badgers in 



the form of the skull. 



20. Mustela brachyum. A peculiar marten found also in the Kurile 



Islands. 



21. Mustela melanopus. The Japanese sable. 



22. M.Japonica. A peculiar marten (See Froc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 104). 



23. M. Sibericus. Also Siberia and China. This is the M. italsi of the 



Fauna Japonica according to Dr. Gray. 



24. Lutronedes whiteleyi. A new genus and species of otter (P. Z. S. 



1867, p. 180). In the Fauna Japonica named Lutra vulgaris. 



25. Enhydris marina. The sea-otter of California and Kamschatka. 



26. Canis hodophylax. According to Dr. Gray allied to Cuon sumatranus 



of the Malay Islands, and G. alpinus of Siberia, if not identical 

 with one of them (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 500). 



27. Vulpes japonica. A peculiar fox. 00-?^ 'VttZj^es of Fauna Japonica. 



28. Nyctereutes procyonoides. The racoon-dog of N. China and Amoor- 



land. 



29. Lepus bmchyurus. A peculiar hare. 



30. Sciurus lis. A peculiar squirrel. 



31. Fteromys leucogenys. The white-cheeked flying squirrel. 



32. P. momoga. Perhaps identical with a Cambojan species (P. Z. S. 



1861, p. 137). 



33. Myoxus japonicus. A peculiar dormouse. M. elegans of the Fauna 



Japonica ; 3£. javanicus, Schinz (Synopsis Mammalium, ii. p. 530). 



34. Mus argenteus. China. 



35. Mus molossinus. 



36. Mus nezumi. 



37. M. speciosus. 



38. Cervus sika. A peculiar deer allied to C. pseudaxis of Formosa and 



C. mantchuricus of Northern China. 



39. Nemorhedus crispa. A goat-like antelope allied to iV. sumatra^ius of 



Sumatra, and N. Swinhoei of Formosa. 



40. jSus leucomystax. A wild boar allied to S. taevanus of Formosa. 



We thus find that no less than twenty-six out of the forty 

 Japanese mammals are peculiar, and if we omit the aerial bats 

 (nine in number), as well as the marine sea-otter, we shall have 

 remaining only thirty strictly land mammalia, of v/hich twenty- 

 five are peculiar, or five-sixths of the whole. Nor does this 

 represent all their speciality ; for we have a mole differing in 

 its dentition from the European mole ; another closely allied to 

 an American species ; a peculiar genus of otters ; and an antelope 

 whose nearest allies are in Formosa and Sumatra. The import- 

 ance of these facts will be best understood vfhen we have examined 

 the corresponding affinities of the birds of Japan. 



