INDEX. 



519 



Excentricity, variations of during three mil- 

 lion years, 164 



Excentricity a test of rival theories of cli- 

 mate, 165 



Excentricity, high, its effects on warm and 

 cold climates, 192 



Explanation of peculiarities of the fauna of 

 Celebes, 431 



Extinct animals showing changes of distri- 

 bution, 100 



Extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands, 407 



of New Zealand, 447 

 Extinction caused by glacial ejioch, 119 



F. 



Families, restricted areas of, 28 



distribution and antiquity of, 66 



Fauna and flora, pecularities of British, 345 



Fauna of Borneo, affinities of, 355 

 of Java, 356, 357 

 of Java and Asia compared, 358 



Faunas of Hainan, Formosa, and Japan 

 compared, 379 



Felis, 17, 25 



Ferns, abundance of in Mascarene flora, 416 

 Ficus, 179 



Fire-weed, the, of Tasmania, 481 

 Fisher, Rev. O., on temiierature of space, 

 126 



Fishes, dispersal of, 73 



peculiar British, 321 



cause of great speciality in , 323 



mode of migration of freshwater, 324 



freshwater, of New Zealand, 454 

 Floating islands and the dispersal of ani- 

 mals, 72 

 Flora of the Azores, 248 



of Bermuda, 261 



of the Galapagos, 276 



of St. Helena, 294 



of the Sandwich Islands, 305 ; peculiar 



features of, 306 

 pecularities of the British, 339 

 of Madagascar and the Mascarene 



Islands, 410 

 of Madagascar and South Africa allied, 



416 



Flora of New Zealand, 457 

 very poor, 458 



its resemblance to the Australian, 459 

 its difl"erences from the Australian, 459, 

 460 



origin of Australian element in, 467 

 tropical character of explained, 469 

 summary and conclusion on, 474 



Floras of New Zealand and Australia, 

 summary of conclusion as to, 510 



Florida and Canada, resemblances of, 5 

 and Bahamas, contrasts of, 5 



Fogs cut off the sun's heat in glaciated 

 countries, 140 



Forbes, Mr. D., analysis of chalk, 89 



Former continuity of scattered groups, 68 



Formosa, 371 



physical features of, 372 



animal life of, .373 



list of mammalia of, 374 



list of land-birds peculiar to, 375 



Forests, submerged, 315 



Freezing water liberates low-grade heat, 

 140 



Fresh-water deposits, extent of, 94, 95 

 Fresh-water organisms absent in St. Helena, 



293 



snail peculiar to Ireland, 338 



Fresh-water fishes of the Seychelles 403 

 Frogs of the Seychelles, 403 



of New Zealand, 454 

 Fuegia, European plants in, 489 

 Fulica alai, 301 



G. 



Galapagos, absence of mammalia and am- 

 phibia from, 268 



reptiles of, 268 



birds of, 270 



insects of, 273 



land-shells of, 274 :< 



flora of, 276 

 Galapagos Islands, 265 



and Azores contrasted, 279 

 Go.lbula cyaneicollis, 17 



riifoviridis, 17 



viridis, 17 

 Galeopithecus, 62 

 Gallinula sandvichensis, 301 

 Gardner, Mr. J. S., on Tertiary changes of 



climate, 197 

 Garrulus, distribution of species of, 20 

 Garrulus glandarius, 20, 22, 65 

 G. cervicalis, 21 

 G. krynicki, 21 

 G. atricapillus, 21 

 G. hyrcanus, 21 

 G. brandti, 21, 22 

 G. lanceolatus, 21 

 G. bispeciilaris , 21 

 G. sinensis, 21 

 G. taivauus, 22 

 G. japonicus, 22, 65 

 G. Udthi, 22 



Geikie, Dr. James, on interglacial deposits, 

 118 



on age of buried river-channels, 317 

 Prof. A., on stratified rocks being found 



near shores, 84, 85 

 on formation of chalk in shallow water, 



94 



on permanence of continents, lUl 

 on variation in rate of denudation, 

 167 



on the rate of denudation, 207 

 on small amount of marine denudation, 

 218 



Genera, extent of, 17 



origin of, 60 



rise and decay of, 62 

 Generic areas, 16 



Generic and Family distribution, 25 

 Genus, defined and illustrated, 16 

 Geographical change as a cause of glacia- 

 tion, 143 



changes, influence of, on climate, 146, 

 147 



changes, effect of on Arctic climates^ 

 188 



changes of Java and Borneo, 3^9 

 changes as modifying organisms, 220 

 Geological change, probably quicker in 



remote times, 216 

 changes as aiding the migration of 



plants, 487 

 climates and geographical conditions, 



197 



climates as affecting distribution, 502 

 climates, summary of causes of, 502 

 time, 203 



time, value of the estimate of, 217 

 time, measurement of, 226 

 time, summary of views on, 505 



