524 



INDEX. 



Plants, wide range of species and genera of, 

 178 



poverty of, in Ireland, 320 



peculiar British, 339 



of Ireland not in Great Britain, 3i0 



cause of their wide diffusion and narrow 



restriction, 845 

 how they migrate from north to south, 



480 



of existing genera throughout the 



Tertiary period, 488 

 southern migration of, by way of the 



Himalayas, 491 

 southern migration of, through Africa, 



492 



endemic genera of, in New Zealand, 494 

 Plestiodon longirostris of Bermuda, 257 

 Platypus, 29 



Po, matter carried away by, 166 

 Podargus, 46 

 Poinciana regia, 411 

 Populus, 179 



Pourtales, Count, on modern formation of 

 chalk, 93 



on sedimentary deposits in Gulf of 

 Mexico, 215 

 Poverty in species of Britain, 318 

 Precession of Equinoxes, influence of on 



climate, 123 

 Preservation of species, 62 

 Proboscidea, range of, 29 

 Proteus, 62 



Psophia, range of species of, 18 

 Pteroptochidse, 29 



Pyrenean ibex, restricted range of, 15 

 E. 



Railways, new plants on, 481 

 Eamsay, Professor, on ancient land surfaces, 

 97 



on geological time, 205 



on thickness of sedimentary rocks, 212 

 Eat, native, of New Zealand, 445 

 Eats in the Galapagos, 268 

 Eate of organic change usually measured 



by an incorrect scale, 225 

 Eaven, wide range of, 15 

 Eeade, T. Mellard, on changes of sea and 



land, 82 

 Eecent continental islands, 235 

 Eed clay of Bermuda, 256 

 Eeptiles, dispersal of, 73 



of the Galapagos, 268 



of the Sandwich Islands, 303 



cause of scarcity of, in British Isles, 319 



of Madagascar, 389 



of the Seychelles, 402 



of Mauritius and Bound Island, 409 



of New Zealand, 453 

 Rhodolcena altivola, 411 

 Rhus toxicodendron, 262 

 Eiver-channels, buried, 317 

 Roches moutonnees, 104 

 Eodents in Madagascar, 389 

 Rosa hibernica, 339 



Eound Island, a snake and a palm peculiar 



to, 410, 415 

 Rumex pulcher, in New Zealand, 483 

 Rye, Mr. E. C, on peculiar British insects, 



325, 332, 335 



S. 



St. Helena, 280 



effects of European occupation on the 

 vegetation of, 283 



St. Helena, insects of, 286 

 land-shells of, 292 



absence of fresh-water organisms in, 293 

 native vegetation of, 294 

 Salvin, Mr., on the birds of the Galapagos, 

 270 



Sandwich Islands, the, 298 

 zoology of, 301 

 birds of, 301 

 reptiles of, 303 

 land-shells of, 303 

 insects of, 305 

 vegetation of, 305 



antiquity of fauna and flora of, 309 

 Sassafras, 179 



Scandinavian flora, aggressive power of, 479 

 Scientific voyages, comparative results of, 7 

 Sciurus, 25 



Sclater, Mr. P. L., zoological regions of, 32, 



Scotland, glacial deposits of, 109-112 

 probable rate of denudation in, 167 

 Miocene flora of, 178 

 peculiar fishes of, 321 

 Scotophilus tuberculatus, 445 

 Scrophularineas, why few species are com- 

 mon to Australia and New Zealand, 

 474 



Sea, depth of around Madagascar, 394 



depth of around Celebes, 422 

 Sea-bottom around New Zealand and Aus- 

 tralia, 443 



Sea-level, changes of, dependent on glacia- 

 tion, 155 



complex effects of glaciation on, 157, 

 158 



rise of, a cause of denudatior, 163 

 Seas, inland in Tertiary period, 185 

 Section of sea-bottom near Bermuda, 255 

 Sedges and grasses common to Australia 



and New Zealand, 472 

 Sedimentary rocks, how to estimate thick- 

 ness of, 209 



thinning out of, 210 



how formed, 211 



thickness of, 209, 212 



summary of conclusions on the rate of 

 formation of the, 214, 506 

 Seebohm, Mr., on Parus palustris, 64 



on Emberiza scheeniclus, 65 



on snow in Siberia, 161 



on birds of Japan, 368 

 Seeds, dispersal of, 248 



carried by birds, 250 

 Senecio australis, on burnt ground, 481 

 Sericinus, 42 



Seychelles Archipelago, 400 

 birds of, 401 



reptiles and amphibia of, 402 

 fresh- water fishes of, 405 

 land-shells of, 405 

 Sharp, Dr. D., on peculiar British beetles, 

 325 



Shells, peculiar to Britain, 338 

 Shetland Isles, peculiar beetle of, 336 

 Shore deposits, 83, 211 



proving the permanence of continents, 

 94, 95 



distance from coast of, 214 

 Siberia, amount of snow and its sudden 



disappearance in, 135 

 Silurian boulder-beds, 194 



warm Arctic climate, 195 

 Simiidae, 27 



Sisyrinchium bermudianum, 262 

 Skertchley, Mr., on four distinct boulder 

 clays, 114 



