Party Traveling 10,000 Miles 

 To Fish for Rainbow Trout 



Fishermen Insist They Grow to 

 Prodigious Size in Argentina 



Scientist on Zoo Ship Carries 

 Tiny hut Mighty Cargo to Brazil 



Bearing gifts for South Ameri- 

 can zoos, Dr. William M. Mann, 

 director of the National Zoolog- 

 ical Park, is en route to points in 

 Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay 

 to collect birds, reptiles and ani- 

 mals. Among those on board his 

 ship is William H. Shippen, jr., 

 feature writer of The Star staff, 

 who here presents th ^ piahth nf 

 a series of articles WoW^Wn* 

 Mann's expedition. 



By WILLIAM H. SHIPPEN, Jr., 



Star Staff Correspondent. 



ABOARD THE S. S. URUGUAY.— 

 "That's a long way to go to catch 

 a fish ! Suppose they aren't biting 

 when you get there?" 



Caleb E. S . 



Burns grinned I 

 and settled back | 

 in his deck chair, j 



"In any event," | 

 he said, "you'll 1 

 have to admit 

 we fishermen are 

 getting a pleas- 

 ant ride!" 



And so they 

 were— a 10,000- 

 mile ride. From 

 their home on 

 the island of 

 Kauai, in Lih- 

 ue, Territory of 

 Hawaii, Mr. and w. h. shippen, Jr. 

 Mrs. Burns crossed to Vancouver 

 in a Canadian boat and flew to 

 New York in time to catch this 

 ship for an additional jaunt of 

 6,000 miles and more. 



From Buenos Aires they will go 

 by train to Mahuel Huapi, a na- 

 tional park in the lake region of 

 the Andean foothills, to fish for a 

 trout native to the United States — 

 the rainbow which (if you would 

 listen to fisherman) has grown to 

 prodigious size after it was trans- 

 planted to the Argentine. 



Son Will Join Party. 



Even the prospect of fighting a 

 big rainbow in a mountain stream 

 fed by melting snow is not quite as 

 exciting to Mr. and Mrs. Burns 

 just now as the prospect of getting 

 a radiogram from their son, Caleb, 

 jr., 23, a sugar technician, who is 

 planning to take a Hawaiian Clip- 

 per, fly down the West Coast of 

 North and South America and join 

 his parents in the Southern Andes. 



With Mr. Burns, who is general 

 superintendent of the largest sugar 

 plantation in Hawaii, is Charles 

 Aloysius (Father) Brooks, an exec- 

 utive of the sugar company and a 

 great spinner of fish yarns while not 

 organizing deck sports. Mr. Burns, 

 a native of Maine, takes quite a bit 

 of kidding from "Father" about how 

 many potatoes he dug as a boy — 

 before Maine and Vermont with- 

 drew from the Union in 1936, etc. 

 Being a Yankee, he bides his time 

 until he gets an opening and then 

 makes every shot count. 



The globe trotters on board say 

 Mr. Burns is one of Hawaii's most 

 genial hosts. His home overlooks 

 the Pacific on the island which he 

 manages — one terrace faces the har- 

 bor and another a beach where 

 long rollers come curling in. Here 

 "Father" Brooks displays his form 

 on the surf board — none too smartly, 

 if you would listen to his best friend 

 and severest critic. 



Mr. and Mrs. Burns call their 



home Kauapaupili, which, trans- 

 lated, means "the mist that hangs 

 like a grass skirt over the islands." 

 One Hawaiian legend is that Kame- 

 hamena III, first Christian king 

 of the islands, used to take his fol- 

 lowers into the mountains to col- 

 lect "pili" grass with which to build 

 churches. 



Mist Turns to Rain. 



On one of these trips, the story 



goes, the water supply ran out and 



the king and his followers nearly 



died of thirst. Whereupon the king 



prayed. A mist formed on the 

 mountainside. Presently the mist 

 turned to rain and the party was 

 saved. Since that time the mist 

 which drapes the mountains like 

 a grass skirt is called kauapaupili, 

 a name given by the king. 



Mrs. Burns, an active and gra- 

 cious matron, who swims and 

 dances with the youngsters on 

 board, is of island stock, a decend- 

 ant of the early missionaries. 



"It is a saying on the islands," 

 Mrs. Burns remarked with a smile, 

 "that oWhen the missionaries first 

 came the natives owned the islands 

 and the missionaries went to church, 

 and now the missionaries own the 

 islands and the native go to church. 

 But don't misunderstand me . . . 

 that is not my saying. I merely 

 quote somebody else." 



Last year the Burnses went to 

 New Zeland to fish for trout. "We 

 had fine luck," Mr. Burns said. 

 "People believed our fish stories 

 when we got home. 



"But with Father Brooks along— 

 he's pretty well known as a story 

 teller (too well known)— I think we 

 had better bring back a few 

 trophies!" 



"I'll catch them faster than you 

 can stuff them!" said Father Brooks. 



(Tomorrow: Plants with the 

 potential strength of armies.) 



U. S. Horticulturist's 

 Gifts May Benefit 

 A Whole Nation 



Bearing gifts for South Ameri- 

 can zoos, Dr. William M. Mann, 

 director of the National Zoolog- 

 ical Park, is en route to points in 

 Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay 

 to collect birds, reptiles and ani- 

 mals. Among those on board his 

 ship is William H. Shippen, jr., 

 feature writer of The Star staff, 

 who here presents the n^nth of 

 u series of articles abWOf^Dr. 

 Mann's expedition. £ 



By W. H. SHIPPEN, Jr., 



Star Staff Correspondent. 

 ABOARD THE STEAMSHIP 

 URUGUAY— The potential strength 

 of the tiny plants which Dr. Walter 

 T. Swingle nourishes in his state- 

 room may equal that of battleships 

 and armies. 



The Department of Agriculture 

 horticulturist is going south in this 

 ship to help Brazil get back her own 

 again— quinine and rubber. The 

 scientist also is importing adecora- 

 tive palm discovered by President 

 Roosevelt. 



It seems incredible that plants 

 Which originated in Brazil and 

 neighboring countries, and which 

 are so much needed in South Amer- 

 ica, should be returned now from 

 the other side of the world— from 

 the East Indies, where they have 

 been cultivated and improved for 

 almost a century. 



How Dr. Swingle got his quinine 

 seed from the East Indies is some- 

 thing he won't talk about. The 

 East Indians have a monopoly; 

 they control the output, and the 

 price is high— too high, often, for 

 the poor of Brazil, who need quinine 

 badly in the malarial areas. The 

 export of the seeds of the best 

 quinine species is jealously guarded. 

 Story of Quinine. 

 The Indians of South America 

 knew the curative quality of quinine 

 before the Spaniards and Portugese 

 arrived. They taught it to the white 

 man. The discovery of the best 

 quinine ever found is an interesting 

 story, Dr. Swingle says: 



About 1860 an Indian found a 

 particularly potent cinchuna tree, 

 from which quinine is derived, in 

 the high country of Bolivia. He 

 gave the seeds to his English master, 

 an exporter of Peruvian bark, who 

 sent them to London. Later, it was 

 said, the local officials learned about 

 it. They beat the Indian who had 

 given away the seeds so badly that 

 he died. No one else has been able 

 to find that tree. 



The British, who (since the days 

 of Capt. Bligh and the good ship 

 Bounty) have been alive to such 

 opportunities, sent the seeds to In- 

 dia and started quinine culture 

 there. The Dutch in some man- 

 ner acquired them for their posses- 

 sions in the East Indies. For gen- 

 erations they have cultivated the 

 trees and kept the price at a sub- 

 stantially high level. 



Dr. Swingle, who has friends in 

 all parts of the world, got his qui- 

 nine seeds from a collector in the 

 East Indies whose name he will not 

 mention. Dr. Swingle for years had 

 been after the collector to get him 



Has New Palm for Brazil. 



Dr. Swingle went to school in 

 Kansas with Dr. David Fairchild, 

 author of the best seller, "The World 

 Is My Garden." The two have been 

 friends and associates for the last 50 

 years. 



In Dr. Swingle's stateroom is a 

 small, triangular-shaped greenhouse 

 designed by the English botanist 

 Ward 150 years ago for plants in 

 transit. In it he has the quinine 

 and other tropical plants, including 

 several beautiful ornamental palms 

 new to Brazil. He also has tiny 

 seedlings of a new palm discovered 

 by naturalists who accompanied 

 President Roosevelt last year on a 

 trinp to the Galapagos Islands. This 

 palm probably will be named in 

 honor of the President, an enthu- 

 siastic amateur naturalist. Dr. 

 Swingle hopes the palm will thrive 

 in the famous Botanic Garden at 

 Rio, which has one of the most fa- 

 mous palm collections in the world. 



To aid in his co-operative educa- 

 tional work Dr. Swingle is taking 

 along a microfilm projector devel- 

 oped by Science Service in Wash- 

 ington to show enlarged photo- 

 graphs of reading matter on a 

 jscreen. Thus a series of tiny pho- 

 tographs of the pages of a book can 



the seeds of a vigorous species of 

 litchi, a delicious fruit with a rough, 

 paperlike shell inclosing an aromatic 

 pulp. The Washington scientist is 

 a persistent man. 



A Gift Grows. 

 Then one day (Dr. Swingle won't 

 say where or when) the collector 

 came to him and said: "Here's a 

 gift for you. Now will you shut up 

 about those blankety-blank litchi 

 seeds?" 



"When I learned what I had 

 (quinine seeds)," Dr. Swingle said, 

 •T shut up!" 



Dr. Swingle's seeds were planted 

 In a departmental greenhouse in 

 Washington. They matured enough 

 last year for export to Puerto Rico, 

 but a thousand plants of the two 

 most desirable varieties were sent 

 to Brazil. 



One Brazilian planter, upon learn- 

 ing the seedlings were arriving, flew 

 to Rio to meet the ship. Since he 

 was first, he was allowed a few 

 plants by the Brazilian government, 

 although his region, from what was 

 then known of quinine culture, had 

 too low an altitude. Dr. Swingle, 



DR. WALTER T. SWINGLE. 



new system of growing quinine trees 

 close together has been discovered. 

 By the old system the trees were set 

 20 to 30 feet apart, taking about 10 

 years to grow large enough to yield 

 a pay crop. 



To Advise on Rubber Also. 



"We learned," Dr. Swingle said, 

 "that the improved species can be 

 grown thick when young. As the 

 trees grow up they can be thinned 

 out yearly. This thinning begins 

 about the third year and young trees 

 cut away after that will produce 

 enough quinine to pay for the thin- 

 ning. I am sure fine quinine can be 

 grown in Brazil for distribution at 

 a low price. I hope to see the day 

 when every resident of South Amer- 

 ica—no matter how poor — can have 

 all the quinine he needs." 



This expert on new crops plans to 

 discuss with Brazilian scientists dis- 

 coveries that may make rubber cul- 

 ture profitable in Brazil. Already 

 South American plantations are de- 

 veloping a new technique in rubber 

 culture, he says. Although the rub- 

 ber trees originated in Brazil (the 

 Indians used rubber for centuries to 

 make balls for a game they played), 

 the plant was taken to London by 

 an Englishman and later commer- 

 cialized in the East Indies. 



There another monopoly was de- 

 veloped. Firestone now is growing 

 rubber in Liberia, and Ford has 

 thriving plantation of young trees 

 the Papajos River^ not far frorn^ 



be studied at leisure without the 

 necessity of having the original vol- 

 ume at hand. 

 Wants Closer Ties With Brazil. 



Many books of a technical nature 

 cannot be loaned, but are held 

 within the shelves of the great' li- 

 braries in Washington. However, 

 even a good -sized volume can be 

 photographed in half an hour and 

 the film is light enough to be sent 

 by airmail at a small cost. If Dr. 

 Swingle or a Brazilian expert co- 

 operating with him should desire a 

 copy of a certain volume in Wash- 

 ington it could be quickly received 

 by airmail. . 



Dr. Swingle is anxious to promote 

 closer relations between the United 

 States and Brazil. "Brazil is a 

 friendly country," he said. "It's 

 larger than the United States and 

 has more land which can be culti- 

 vated. Brazil's climate is the best of 

 any large tropical country, thanks 

 to its plateau character, and takes 

 up where our's leaves off — that is, 

 about New Orleans or Southern 

 Florida. 



"Brazil's products, except for cot- 1 



ton, do not compete with ours, the 

 United States and Brazil can supple- 

 ment each other if they only would. 



"More Americans should speak 

 Portugese now that thousands of 

 Brazilians know English. I would 

 like to see Portugese taught in all of 

 our colleges. It is spoken by as 

 many people in South America as 

 Spanish." 



; At this point Dr. Swingle excused 

 himself. He had an engagement 

 with his school teacher, and, being 

 a good scholar, did not want to be 

 tardy. 



; The scientist is studying Portugese, 

 and how hard he studies! 



Tomorrow: 

 huntsman. 



Good-by to a 



Amazon, in Central Brazil. Today 

 in Brazil the only rubber trees (ex- 

 cept those cultivated by Ford) are 

 wild. Brazil produces only enough 

 rubber in a year, Dr. Swingle said, 

 to last the United States for a day. 



A Reserve Supply for U. S.? 



In event of a general war the 

 United States might be cut off from 

 her rubber supply in the East In- 

 dies. Rubber and quinine would be 

 important. Dr. Swingle hopes to see 

 Brazil producing them both in com- j 

 mercial quantities in a few years— 

 as well as many other tropical plant 

 products which can be imported to 

 the United States. 



He seems the sort of man who j 

 gets what he wants. 



The expert is on "loan" to the Bra- j 

 zilian government. He is a distin- j 

 guished explorer in plant fields and 1 

 has traveled the world for years 

 looking for the fruits and v>- etables 

 likely to benefit America. 



He brought the first varieties of 

 the improved date palm to Califor- 

 nia and Arizona, and by years of ; 

 work established date culture on a 



however is convinced that this commercial scale in these two States, 

 planter's seedlings (as well as others He also co-operated in the establish- 

 planted in the higher regions of ™ e ?}°[ Egyptian cotton culture on a > 

 Brazil) will do well 10,000-bale-a-year scale m Arizona. 



Dr. Swingle said that recently a While working in Florida he hybrid- 

 . ized the grapefruit with the tan- 

 gerine and produced the "tangelo," 

 a breakfast delicacy much esteemed 

 by epicures throughout the United 

 I States — and especially in Washing- 

 ton. 



