1850.] 



Language of the Gonds. 



47 



expression of force, or of causal efficiency, is expressed by an aspi- 

 rate, in all mountain-born-languages. 



On the subject of the verbs it remains only to note, that the roots 

 nit, tind, und, for stand, eat, drink, are Tamil, save that the last 

 means to take food generally ; as also, that the substantive verb, in 

 the root dm be thou, though its inflexions differ, is clearly the same 

 with the a and dvu, Tamil, and Telugu, to become, or happen 

 to be. 



9. Of the vocabulary. Particles such as adjectives, adverbs, pre- 

 positions, &c. are not distinctly given; but some of them appear in the 

 vocabulary. From it, irrespective of what has gone before, I shall 

 select so much as appears to possess affiliation with Tamil and Telugu, 

 and without any further amplification than Tarn, or Tel affixed ; or S. 

 for Sanscrit. 



abundance bako, Tel. from S. shoulder hlmjji, S. 

 ache noya, Tamil. bed kattel, Tarn, 



all sabro, S. before munne, Tarn, 



arm kai, Tarn. 



below, beneath, tarn, Tamil ; black, karral, Tamil ; blossom, poital, 

 Tarn., pu ; body, mendol S. ; brother (elder), tannal, Tarn.; buffalo, 

 male, bodah, Tel. ; female, armi, Tamil ; butterfly, pape, Tarn.; cold, 

 pint, Tamil, pant, dew; to cry aralle, Tarn.; dog, nai, Tarn. ; ear, 

 kaovi Tamil ; eat, tin, Tarn. ; entrails, indri, pi. indring, Tarn. ; 

 eye, kan, pi. hank, Tam.; father, dada, Tarn.; field, neli, Tarn.; to 

 fill, niha, Tam. ; finger, virinj, Tam. ; first, adn. munne, Tam. ; fish, 

 mind, Tam. ; flower, pungar, Tam. ; foot, kal, Tam. ; to forget, 

 marnga, Tam. ; fowl korli, Tamil ; to get, putitte, Tam. ; to get wet, 

 nandillu, Tam. ; ghee, pal ni, Tam. ; good, choko, Tel. ; great, adj. 

 paror, Tamil ; hare, malol, Tam. ; he pron. evar, Tel. ; head, talla, 

 Tamil ; hence, here, adv. igatal iga, Tel. ; hide, (noun) 161, Tamil ; 

 horse, koda, Tamil ; hot, cdstdl, S. ; I., ana, Tamil ; it, pron. ad. 

 Tam. ; light, verchi, Tam. ; to look for, parkilli, Tam. ; make, 

 bane, Tam. ; man, manedsal, S., milk, pal., Tam. ; mouse, all, Tam. ; 

 name, parol, Tam. ; new, adj. punal, Tamil ; puthu, no adj. hilli or 

 halle, Tam.; oil, ni, Tam.; open, («?,) tanda, Tam.; peacock, mal, 

 Tam. ; pigeon, parewal, Tam.; pipal-tree, alii, Tam. ; rat, ali, Tam. ; 

 to remain, mandalle, Tam.; seed, vijja, Tam.; shoe, surpu, Tam.: 



