1850.] Eastern Districts of the Soulah of Hydrabad. 219 



avowedly for the support of troops, or for personal service, but they 

 are virtually Enam lands. The Jagheerdar remains usually in the 

 city of Hydrabad, the care of collecting the rents being left to a depu- 

 ty ; these lands are constantly being resumed by Government for 

 which there are always sufficient grounds in the non-fulfilment on the 

 part of the military Jagheerdar of the conditions of the Government, 

 a few ragged Sebundees being all the troops he has to show. The 

 Zemindars claim roosums on these jagheer lands, and the Cazee is 

 supposed to administer justice to the ryots, but when the Jagheerdar 

 is strong enough the claims are evaded, and the judicial interference 

 dispensed with. 



Bel Muktali. — There is yet another tenure called the Bel Muktah, 

 when an individual has a village granted to him for a certain num- 

 ber of years, at a low quit rent : this is a favorite tenure, and some 

 of the villages let on it, are in a very flourishing condition, for reasons 

 that are sufficiently obvious. Some Deshpundyahs are willing to re- 

 linquish their two and a half per centage on the revenue in lieu of a 

 village, on the Bel Muktah cowl : among those who have done this, is 

 a Mussulman Deshpundyah, who holds the village of Condapillay in 

 the Ramgheer Sircar, whose Brahmin ancestor was converted to Ma- 

 homedanism during Aurungzeebe's rage for proselityzing, more may 

 have been converted, but he remains the only one who has adhered 

 to the new faith. 



Town duties are collected in Kusbahs, and the amount divided 

 among the neighbouring Zemindars : they are not a very productive 

 tax. 



Administration of Justice and Police. 

 There is probably no department in the Nizam's state where there 

 are such deviations from all established notions of equity and good 

 Government, as in the administration of justice, and yet it may be 

 doubted if on the whole the subjects of the Nizam look on the per- 

 version as a very great grievance, for it has one recommendation — it 

 is speedy and summary. There is a Gazee in every Sircar for crimi- 

 nal cases, frequently a Moollah for civil cases, and there is another 

 officer called a Neriki, whose duties are very similar to those of the 

 Roman Aedile, consisting as they do in seeing that weights and mea- 

 sures are correct, striking averages in the prices of grains, and look- 

 ing after mosques and public buildings. The first and last of these 

 functionaries are Munsubdars, paid by the state — the one receiving 



VOL. XVI. NO XXXVIII. E 1 



