1850. J Eastern Districts of 'the Soulah of Hydrabad. 225 



and tiles are formed of the same material, the former being used by 

 the masons for the foundations of houses and the repairs of the walls 

 of forts, but the walls of the houses are most commonly of clay, the 

 better conditioned of the inhabitants having them tiled, while the 

 poorer classes content themselves, with roofs of coarse grass or pal- 

 myrah leaves : the form of the houses is usually rectangular, but in 

 the Kummum Sircar about Kullore many are round, hexagonal and 

 octagonal. Towards the Godavery, where there is abundance of ma- 

 terials and where the clay is less adhesive, the houses are of wood 

 and bamboo, with wattle and dab, in this locality are also to be met 

 with wells from which water for drinking or food is procured, fenced 

 with wood to prevent the sand falling in much after the manner of 

 the pot-wells already described. 



Brass is formed into lotahs, Kattorahs, and other vessels used by 

 the Natives for the preparation and reception of their food, at Paun- 

 gul, near Nelgoondah, Dwurcondah, Kummum, &c, they are very 

 plainly made up without much carving or ornament of any descrip- 

 tion : glass for bangles is manufactured at Kummum. Teputy in 

 the Nelgoondah Sircar, at Dwurcondah and at several other places, 

 there are only two kinds produced, green and black : red and blue 

 glass bangles are imported from the Nagpore country. Children's 

 toys are made up at H unnumcondah and Kummum by the Nuqquash 

 (painters) who also paint pictures of the gods for sale, and make 

 painted fans of the leaves of the palmyrah tree. 



Leather for shoes is dyed red with lac at Maiduck : coarse wrap- 

 ping paper is prepared from old gunny bags which are made from 

 sunn, at all the chief towns of each Sircar, and several of the larger 

 villages : the pulp is sometimes, as at Maiduck, mixed with chopped 

 wool to make the paper stronger. Writing paper is made and sized 

 but it is of a very inferior description, and is consumed entirely in 

 the districts where it is manufactured. 



Steel is made at several villages in the Sircar of Elgundel at Ibra- 

 himputnum and Konapore in the Karootta Pergunnah, and at Atma- 

 core and Chintulpet in the Velloorla Talooka : it formerly was pre- 

 pared at several other places, but the steel furnaces in them are now 

 abandoned. The teepoor, as it is called, the raw material of the steel, 

 is manufactured at Maytpilly a village twelve miles south of the Go- 

 davery belonging to Balmooaund from a ferruginous sand procur- 

 ed from gniess by roasting, pounding and washing. The whole pro- 

 cess of the manufacture of this steel is detailed with accuracy and 



