24^ Statistical Report on ilie [No. 35, 



Istaiva cowl. — For taking in waste lands an increasing rent for 

 the first three to five years when it becomes fixed red soil is on 

 this ground rented. 



1st Year \ rupee per beegah, a shorter period is allowed for the 

 2d Tear 1 „ black soil. 



3d Year 1 J „ 1st Year 1 rupee per beegah. 



4th Year 8f „ 2d Year 2 „ „ 



5th Year 2 „ 3d Year 3 „ „ 



Ijara cowl — This is when a native of substance rents a whole 

 village from government and sublets it, settling himself with the 

 government, when the middle man is any one but a zemindar, the 

 cowl is called ijaree, when a zemindar is such then it is called sur- 

 husta. 



Byharree coivl. — WTien the inhabitants of one village rent a por- 

 tion of the land of another, this is a tenure for a year and is given 

 on favourable terms, as the Pykarrees are supposed to lose time 

 and incur fatigue by the distance they have to come. It is a tenure 

 liable to be abused, as frequently the inhabitants of a village leave 

 the lands of their own village untilled if they think they can rent 

 the lands of another on more favourable terms. 



Nagur cowl. — Plough tenure usually from three to four years 

 and granted only for the cultivation of dry grains, as much as 

 Es. 15 a plough is occasionally paid for this tenure. It is also liable 

 to objection as the ryot is apt to cultivate in a slovenly manner 

 that he may break up as much surface as he can, and it is disad- 

 vantageous to government, as the ryot may keep three pairs of 

 bullocks for his single plough. 



Koolharee. — The hatchet tenure ; this exists among the Coor- 

 wars of the Pakhall, &c. purgunnahs. It is as much as one man can 

 clear with his hatchet ; from 4 to 8 annas is the rent for each 

 hatchet. 



Tbe quantity sown is the ancient Hindoo measure of land, 

 and in the huttaee tenure it is still in force. Yet the word bee- 

 gah is constantly made use of in enams, to temples in meeras 

 lands, and in some of the tenures ; and that a fixed beegah 

 was established throughout the country is placed beyond all doubt» 

 by a linear measure cut in a rock adjoining a temple in the 

 neighbourhood of Camlapoor, with an inscription in Teloogoo, set- 



