1849.] 



Circar of Warungnl. 



265 



for an average, as the stoppages and dela3^s in its working are so fre- 

 quent. For raising water the garim and yatam are used, and for 

 transferring it from field to field the goora. 



The Telingana village presents a much more cheerful appearance 

 than the Mahratta gaoms. Instead of the dingy wall encompassing 

 the flat roofed houses of mud huts huddled closely together, v/e 

 have a detached fort, and the cottages white washed and tricked out 

 with red ochre surrounding it or in its vicinity. The condition of 

 the houses and the form of the fort can be much better judged of 

 from the drawings than from any description. There are seldom 

 money payments for hut building, the ryots mutually assisting each 

 other in their construction. The houses are with very few excep- 

 tions kutcha throughout the Oircar. When money is paid 8 annas 

 is charged for the square kola. 



The vast proportion of houses are built of mud, and so adherent 

 is it, that bricks are seldom employed for building ; inasmuch as 

 what is called a pucTca house is rarely met with, and where it 

 is generally the property and domicile of the Zemindar of the dis- 

 trict, and consists of two stories. In the more wealthy and popu- 

 lous kusbas a proportion of the houses are tiled ; few are flat roofed, 

 thatched houses predominating greatly. Where the sandstone exists 

 the soil is less adapted to house building, in consequence of which 

 timber, which is plentiful, is preferred for the construction of the 

 better class of habitations, and bamboo for the meaner huts. 



With the exception of gardens, which are surrounded with a 

 milk bush hedge ( Euphorbia tirucalli,) the fields are not enclosed. 

 The rudeness of the agriculture has been already pointed out. 

 The commons are rented by Dungers* who are ranked among the 

 moturpha. 



„ ,,^.„ Havalee and Purkull Pergunnahs. — The 



Towns and Villages. i y-,. 



most extensive joint pergunnah in the Circar. 



The villages are chiefly rented by the Surdeshmookli Venkut Nur- 

 sinha, and his brother Gurmajee, and by the Surdeshpundya Mul- 

 leya. The chief towns are Muttawadda, Ramanapett, Girmajeepet, 

 and Hoosumpurty, all open villages. In the pergunnah tables I have 

 affixed an asterisk to the villages which have more than 1000 in- 

 habitants. Purkul, the kusba of the pergunnah of the same name, 



* In the village returns they are so ranked. 



