504 Statistics of the Circar of Dowlutabad. [No. 36, 



Kodaiee or Pickaxe. ^ ^^^^^ implements are employed for dig. 



ging and rooting up old trees, these are the koda- 

 iee, and powrah. The kodaiee is a small pickaxe, differing from 

 the European one, in onlj- having one pick; its value is about 12 

 annas. 



Powrah or Digging powrah or digging hoe is a blade of iron 



attached to a wooden handle, at a very considera- 

 ble angle. Of these instruments there are two forms in general use ; 

 one in which the blade approaches a wedgelike form, the angle of 

 union with the handle being very acute, in such a case the lever 

 has its fulcrum thrown too close to the force applied, and much of its 

 efBciency, as a digging instrument, rendered migratory ; in the Other 

 form, which is the one most commonly met with, the blade is square, 

 and placed on the handle at a smaller angle, throwing the fulcrum 

 further from the hand towards the resistance. Their cost is about 

 12 annas. 



Sickle or Durantee. '^^^ durantee is employed for cutting 



grain and grass, they are of=a semicircular shape; 

 a line drawn from heel to point varies from seven to nine inches ; aver- 

 age price 4 annas. 



Koorpue, or Hand Weeding hand hoe, or koorpue, is a small imple 

 Weeding Hoe. ment, used for weeding ; being a narrow iron blade, 

 fixed in a wooden handle, the point of which is slightly falcated, and 

 costs about 1 anna. 



Manures. 



The natural fertility of the soil of India, has occasioned a neglect 

 of the important subject of manures. In these districts its chemi- 

 cal constitution exhibits a rich amount of inorganic salts ; the vari- 

 ous qualities of which are essentially requisite, in obedience to a fix- 

 ed law of vegetable organism, for the perfect development of the 

 several parts of the plant. It is in trap soils that we may look for 

 a bountiful supply of aliment for the vegetable world, the amount 

 varying with local circumstances, but even when so small as to afford 

 but a single grain in each pound of soil a foot deep, it still is equal 

 to fts. 500 in an acre. Flooding the country during the rains, 

 spreads far and wide the soluble salts of the wasting rocks, hence 



