510 



Stah\<ifirs of ihe Circar of Dowlutalnd. [No, .SO, 



Labor emnioyej. Where the families of (lie ryots prove insnfTicient 

 •aud EeuumLration. {'^r preparing the fields and gathering in the harve.^U, 

 laborers are engag:ed, who are paid either by wages of money, grain, 

 or, in some instances, merely providing subsistence and clothini^\ 

 The daily pay to a man for ordinar}' work is from three dubboo pice 

 to three pice and a half; to a woman, two pice, and to a boy or girl, 

 one pice and a half: working from sunrise to sunset, and resting 

 at noon. Those laborers employed at the sugar mills, recei\ e their 

 hire partly in money, and in the produce of their labor ; those who 

 drive the b\illocks and"supply canes to the rollers receive one pice 

 daily, and three quarters of a seer of goor, whilst the person who 

 brings the fuel has nothing bej-ond his maintenance and clothing. 



p.^,^j.^ The principal rivers of the Circar have their origin 



amongst the range of hills, and are named the Poor- 

 iiah, Sewna, Geerja, Ajnah, and Gunda, whilst the Godaver}' flows 

 along the south-west boundav}'. 



These rivers run in different directions: the Sewna and Gunda 

 in a southerly course to fall into the Godavery, and the Geerja, witli 

 its innumerable streams, into the Poornah, that passes away in an 

 easterly direction : the beds of all are, for the most part, rocky and 

 shallow, and some contain water the wdiole year round; in the rains 

 these streams become occasionally rapid torrents, laden with fine al- 

 luvial matter, washed from the under lying rocks they rise from, and 

 affect the agricultural capabilities of the soil, in the manner before 

 rdluded to. 



The Godavery flows along the south-west edge of the Circar 

 for fifty miles in a very tortuous manner, in consequence of the flat- 

 ness of the country; its many feeders from the hills, cause a rapid 

 rush of waters to take place in the monsoon, when its alluvial de- 

 positions are sometimes so great as to threaten new channels being 

 formed for the bed of the river, a circumstance that actually occur- 

 red about twenty years ago at the debouchement of the large stream 

 that flows from Byzapoor into the river bed. The banks are some- 

 tiaies seen to be very precipitous and deeply cut by water courses; 

 the bed rocky, but sometimes covered to a great extent witii sand, 

 and varying in breadth from two to three hundred yards. At Toka 

 the Bombay road crosses, and as an impetuous stream always sweeps 



