520 Siatislics of ihe Circar of Dowlulahad. [No. 36, 



to build a bund of solid masonry across the bed of some nullah fa- 

 vorable for the purpose, of which there is no want of selection, and 

 to diffuse the pent up waters over the surrounding fields, by the 

 means of channels constructed for the purpose. The bund built 

 across the nullah is called a " Bundara," and the channels Phats," 

 it is necessary to form smaller bunds in these channels, to divert the 

 water on the various lands, and they are termed a " Barra." These 

 works are undertaken at the joint expense of the cultivators, who in 

 their turns enjoy the benefit : the whole management is under the 

 charge and control of a Seebundee. 



The plan followed for raising water from draw-wells, is the usual 

 one by mhote and bullocks ; two wheels may often be seen working at 

 one well. 



It is not usual for the Circar to build wells, those existing have 

 been formed by private individuals, an encouragement to undertake 

 which is sometimes offered by holding out the privilege of *' Meeras" 

 to all such as do; or allowing lands which it waters, to be continued 

 assessed as jeraet for a specified term. 



The expense of erecting a well of the better description, lined with 

 bricks, and supplied with stone copings, will cost on an average 

 about rupees two hundred and fifty, those of an inferior kind from 

 one hundred, to a hundred and fifty rupees. 



The repairs of a well are undertaken by the cultivator, but should 

 he be too poor to raise the necessary funds, Tuccavees are granted 

 by the Circar ; beyond this, no other assistance is afforded the Koon- 

 bees by Government for irrigation. The village tank and wells, are 

 kept in repair by the community at large. 



Cities, Towns, and Villages. 



The Circar is divided into Purgunnahs, each composed of a certain 

 number of towns and villages, called Turrufs. The division com- 

 prehended under the head Talookah is only known in the Purgunnali 

 of Untoor. 



Shehr, is the term applied to the city; Kushali, to the market town ; 

 'Thanna^ to the town where the Tahseeldar resides ; BJoma or Gaon, 

 to the village ; Barree or JVarree, to the hamlet ; and Poora, to the 

 suburbs. 



Uavalee, is the term given to the household lands of Government, 

 and were generally diblricls in the vicinity of lajge towns, and an- 



