54 



Addendmn. 



[No. 3e 



have been at some period one. It begs however the question, be- 

 cause it proceeds on the assumption, in the Catalogue, that the Con- 

 gu-desa-rajakal is a history of the Chera-rajas ; which I submit 

 it is not ; but only of a few rulers in Congu-nad^ before the latter 

 was conquered by the Chola king. I cannot submit to Dr. Francis 

 Buchannan's authority, unless I were assured that he too has not 

 confounded Congu-ndd^ and Chera-desa together. Tliey may have 

 been one : but there is no proof of the fact that I know of. I cannot 

 but remark that in Mr. Dowson's Map the placing of Mushiha in 

 South Travancore, the Chera desmn proper, is a very singular pro- 

 ceeding. Not a word is written, as to authority for doing so. The 

 ancient division of Tuluva, Cuva^ Mushika, and Kerala (which last 

 is the term used in the Kerala Utpatti, and Kerala Mahatmya, as 

 synonymous with Ckera-desam) must not be tacitly confounded. 

 Tuluva was the northern portion ; Cuva with Mushica (preserved 

 in Musiris or Mirjee) the middle portion ; and Kerala {i. e. Cheralya 

 with the Ch, hardened in passing into Sanscrit, a very common case) 

 the Southern. Kerala is mentioned in our Manuscript as distinct 

 from Congu ; and Carnata ; but I have not observed it mentioned as 

 distinct from CJiera-desa. Both are beyond just question, one and 

 the same. 



The precise locality of Scanda-'puram, I have no means of as- 

 certaining. I must except to its being termed, *' The capital of the 

 Chera kingdom," which it certainly was not. If the Manuscript 

 note, alluded to by Mr. Dowson, placing it west of the Guzzelhutty 

 pass be valid, well. To me that locality does not appear happily 

 to accord with the statement of Tiruvicrama setting out to the con- 

 quest of the Dacshin, the word really employed ; that same Dacshin 

 being the Chola, Pandya, Kerala, and Malay ala, countries. If the de- 

 signation given, by the document translated, be worth much, it indi- 

 cates for Scanda-puram, a locality not much south of the parallel 

 of Madras. The Chola kingdom was nearly east of the Guzzlehut- 

 ty pass. The term Scanda-puram however is a mere epithet — the 

 town of Sahrahmanya ; easy of invention, and readily made to agree 

 with kings, as I conceive but imperfectly, and traditionally, known. 

 It is not till the time of Hari-verma, and Vishnu-lcopa that we ap- 

 proach historical accuracy. They ruled in Dalavan-purain, described 

 as the metropolis of Talicddu — the latter term indicating a district ; 

 and in the Carnatacadesam, not Chera, nor even Congu, but Varnata. 

 The fixing of Dalavan-piiram to the site of the ruins termed Tdlcad 



