THE EXPRESSION OP THE PASSIONS. 



4S5 



sive judgment in both : but the former had the bilious temperament, with 

 a considerable tendency to the sangumeous ; and hence, with more irri - 

 tability, had more sell-confidence, audacity, and sanguine expectation : 

 the latter, while possessing the same general or bilious temperament, was 

 at the same time more strongly inclmed to the lymphatic ; and hence his 

 increased corporeal bulk; and with less bold and ardent expectation, he 

 possessed one of the sweetest and most oenevoieiit dispositions to be met 

 with in the history ol the world. The lirst was formed to be revered the 

 second to be beloved ; and both to be admired and iminortahzed. 



Tho closing remark 1 have to submit is, that each of these tempera- 

 ments, how widely soever they may differ from each other, is capable of 

 being transmuted into any of the rest. Galen has particularly dwelt upon 

 this most important fact, and has especially observed that a man of the 

 most elevated and sanguineous constitution, may be broken down into a 

 melancholic habit by a long series ot anxiety and affliction ; while, oa 

 the other hand, the most restless and audacious ot the bilious or choleric 

 genus may be attuned to the sleek quiet ol the phlegmatic temper by an 

 uninterrupted succession of peaceful luxury and indulgence. Of what 

 moment is this well-established fact in the nice science of education i 

 The temperaments of boys may be born with them ; but they are capable 

 of alteration, nay, of a total reversion, both in body and mind, each of 

 which may be made to play upon the other ; the one by a discipline of 

 gymnastic exercises, and the other by a discipliiie of intellectual studies. 

 The Greeks were thoroughly aware of this mutual dependence ; and 

 hence, as we have already seen,* made gymnastic games a regular part of 

 the tuition of the academy ; thus rearing at one and the same time, and 

 rearing too, in the self-same persons, a race of heroes and of sages, and 

 turning the wild and savage luxuriance of nature to the noblest harvests 

 of wisdom and virtue. 



LECTURE XII. 



OlSf PATHOGNOMY, OR THE EXPRESSION OP THE PASSIONS, 



In our last lecture, we examined how far the state of the body has an 

 influence upon that of the mind ^ in the study we are now entering upon 

 we shall take the opposite side of the question, and examine how far the 

 state of the mind has an influence upon that of the body. 



This influence, if it exist, may be either instantaneous or permanent :, it 

 may be produced by some sudden affection or emotion of the mind, ex- 

 citing an abrupt change in the features, the muscles, or other soft and 

 flexible parts of the body ; or it may result from the habitual character of 

 the moral propensity, slowly and imperceptibly operating on parts that are 

 less pliant, and giving them a fixed and determinate cast. The former 

 constitutes the study of Pathognomy, or of the signs, language, or expres- 

 sion of the passions : the latter, the study of physiognomy, or of the signs, 

 iangaage, or expression of the genius or temper. 



* Ser, 11. Lect.XI. 



