130 



DESCRIPTIVE REMARKS ON 



Garr, p. 181). The only other buildings with this kind of 

 roof that I remember having met are some of the rough- 

 stone huge buildings in the lower fortress of Cenji (Anglice 

 " Gingee "). 



A slightly different form of building is represented in 

 No. 41, the apsidal Rath, which is also oblong and waggon- 

 roofed with a curved gable at one end, but rounded and 

 roofed by a half dome at the other. This may be supposed 

 to represent the external form of a Buddhist Caitya hall, 

 the form of the interior of which may be known from the 

 vaulted Buddhist caves near Bombay. 



I have seen apsidal temples built of stone to the south- 

 ward, on the coast-road leading to Eamesvaram, in the 

 north-eastern part of Eamnad, I believe ; but the nearest 

 structural copy of this monolith (the apsidal Eath No. 41) 

 is the Dharmesvara Temple at Manimangalam, about 20 

 miles south-west from Madras. I think also that two of 

 the ornamental imitation cells at the angles of the portico 

 projection of the upper floor of Dharmaraja's Rath No. 43, 

 will be found on further examination to have this plan of 

 roof, half dome and half ridge, with one curved gable end. 

 This completes the four classes or forms of ancient religious 

 buildings observed here : — 



1st. — The small hut-like shrine with curved thatch- 

 shaped roof, for the Sakti worship (?) 



2nd. — The quadrangular Vihara-pattern building, having 

 the pyramidal dome-capped roof, with its steps 

 or terraces of cell ornaments. 



3rd. — The waggon-roofed (? college) hall, with two gable 

 ends; and 



4M.— The round-ended or apsidal Caitya-hall pattern. 



The Eock-hewn Caves. 



The rock excavations are generally very small compared 

 with those near Bombay, at Elephanta and Elura, but are 



