OCT. — ma. it. 1859-60.] Scientific Intelligence. 



345 



Groynes in Europe (where the tidal effects are greater than in In- 

 dia) ; there I am told, they are extensively employed both for the 

 defence and recovery of lands, or still nearer this, at Coringa and 

 Vizagapatam, at which places, they have, I understand, been in- 

 troduced under Colonel Cotton's direction with the like effect as 

 at Madras. 



By affording a healthful promenade which is taken advantage of 

 by hundreds of poor residents of Black Town of an evening. 



By permitting a more free and wholesome discharge of the 

 drainage and sewerage of Black Town by carrying further to sea, 

 under covered drains the unhealthy effluvia arising therefrom. In 

 a sanitary point of view, therefore, the people on shore are equally 

 concerned and benefited with the shipping interest afloat. 



By allowing either the old high Beach road to be widened, or a 

 new one made over the series of Groynes outside of it. The for- 

 mer has been partly executed under Lord Harris' rule, from the 

 Sea Custom House to the Railway Terminus. 



By relieving the Supreme and Small Cause Courts and Magis- 

 trates' Office of much of the noise from the surf, the resound of 

 which is lessened by its increased distance from the shore. This 

 had hitherto been a source of much annoyance to the Judges, Ma- 

 gistrates, and Suitors, having business at those places,because they 

 could not hear distinctly what was said. 



5. It is true that the Boatmen are always afraid of their Boats 

 being dashed by the waves against these Groynes, and many acci- 

 dents at first happened ; they are, however, now better understood 

 and guarded against, consequently accidents are rare. 



6. It may be observed that there is a greater deposit of sand 

 on one side of the Groynes than on the other, according as the 

 monsoon is North or South. When the North prevails there is 

 more on the North than the South side, and when the southerly 

 wind blows, vice versa. I measured an angle of 13 yards in favor 

 of the weather side of one Groyne and the measurement at ano- 

 ther (south of Messrs. Parry and Co.'s) gave double that result 

 which seems to confirm the theory set forth in this respect ; at 

 least advanced in the absence of any other within my knowledge. 



7. Following the laws of nature, the wind accelerates current, 



