Professor Bobbles on the Sanskrit Linguals. 125 



Another instance of a d changed to d through the in- 

 fluence of a preceding xi, r seems to be ' mund,' to shave, 

 which, I think is a corruption of mrid ( to rub.' 



There are also examples of dh taking the place of dh e. g, 

 in adhya, which apparently stands for ardhya and is derived 

 from the root xidh ' to increase.' 



But it seems that ' r' exercises its assimilating influence 

 on following mute dentals, not only when it precedes them 

 immediately, but also just as in the case of ' n,' when it is 

 separated from them by a vowel. This I think, has been 

 the case in purodaca ' a flour cake offered to the gods,' the 

 latter part of which apparently contains a derivative from 

 the root dac, ' to offer.' Path ' to recite' which by some 

 scholars is considered a Prakritic corruption of prath ' to 

 extend, to praise' may be quoted as another instance, (com- 

 pare the Latin representative of this root ' pret' in ' inter- 

 pretari." 



Lastly we find a number of words in which a mute den- 

 tal becomes lingual through the influence of an immediately 

 following ( r.' Thus we find in the Veda vikiridra and vi- 

 kirida — the ( r regularly disappearing in "the lingualised 

 forms. In classical Sanskrit we have canda ' passionate, hot,' 

 which doubtlessly stands for candra ' resplendent, glowing,' 

 (Compare the metaphorical use of English ' glowing' German 

 gluehend.) Another instance is metha ( elephant-driver' for 

 mahamatra, (compare Prakrit mahamettha.) To these, I 

 think, belongs also danda, ' stick, punishment/ whose d how- 

 ever seems to represent an original ' tr.' This word finds 

 a convenient etymology, if we derive it from the root dam 

 " to coerce, to tame" and the affix tra, which designates the 

 instrument, and suppose it to stand for dan tra " instrument 

 of coercion." Regarding the change of ' t' to d compare the 

 Prakrit gaddo for garta, 



