Professor Buhleu on the Sanskrit Unguals. 127 



occurs also in pi-dhana, pi -f- dim, pi-shtap. Instances of the 

 simple loss of the first lingual occur in the second persons 

 plural Atmanepada of the so called fourth and fifth Aorists 

 and of the reduplicate perfect. 



' The termination of the second person plural Atm. aorist 

 is ' dhvam,' which, if attached to a verb ending in a diphthong 

 or a vowel other than a, a, must become ( dhvam/ e. g. stu 

 makes a-sto-clhvam, ni, a-ne-dhvam. The reason of this 

 change is, that, as the fourth aorist is formed by combining 

 the root with the unaugmented forms of the imperfect of 

 the verb as, c to be,' the termination dhvam stands for 

 sdhvam. This form being preceded by i, i, u, u, ri, ri or a 

 diphthong must be changed first to shdhvam and next to 

 ddhvam according to the above rule. The latter form 

 ddhvam becomes dhvam by the rejection of the initial d as 

 in shodha. The rule regarding the change of ' dhvam,' dhve 

 is less strict in the two other cases mentioned, but based on 

 the same principles as in the fourth aorist. For the details 

 compare Benfey Vollst. Ski Gram. § 830, Bern. 2, § 847. 

 Bern. 2, § 850, Bern. 2, where the explanation of these forms 

 is also given. It ought to be observed that this change of ' sh* 

 to ' t' stands in strict analogy with that of ( s' to ' t' e. g. 

 vas + syami makes vat-syami, avas-f sit, a vat-sit, ukha+sras 

 ukhasrat, parna-f dhvas, parnadhvat,* as -f dhvam, addhvam. 

 In either case the production of t and t is caused by the 

 disappearance of the sibilant element of the sh and s under 

 peculiar conditions. The second mode in which ' sh' causes 

 the production of Unguals needs little comment. The rule 

 is simply this, that ' n' preceded by ' sh' becomes n under 

 the same conditions as if preceded by r, ri or ri. 



Thirdly, hard dentals preceded immediately by ' sh' whe- 

 ther radical or a substitute for 9, ch, x, cc, or j, are changed 

 to the corresponding Unguals. 



* This word is mentioned by {Jaka^yjiim I, % 72, 



