68 



ON THE CLASSIFICATION 



mation, &c. E.g., compare the Telugu phrases cacci bratikinamu 

 (the Tamil iettil pijaittom), being dead we lived, i.e., we were 

 half dead; or Vastimnddo rddo (in Tamil variwdno vara mdttdno), 

 he may come, may not come, i.e., he may perhaps come; udiki 

 udakani (in Tamil vendii vehdda), being boiled, being not boiled, 

 i.e., half boiled \pani fori tiraka unnadi (in Tamil velai tirndadum 

 tirddadum ay iriikkiradu), the work being finished, being not 

 finished is, i.e., the work is hardly finished; cuci cudaka munupe, 

 (in Tamil pdrttii pdrkkddadarkkii munname), having seen, 

 having not seen before, i.e., having scarcely seen ; pillaku 

 pandlu vacci rdkundd unnavi (in Tamil kujandaikku pallii 

 mulaittu mulaidmal (or vandu vardmat) iriikkiradu), to the 

 child teeth having come without coming are, i.e., the child's 

 teeth are incomplete ; or vdniki aravamu telisi teliyaka 

 unnadi (in Tamil avanukkii terindu teridmal iriikkiradu), to 

 him Tamil being known being not known like is, i.e., he 

 knows a little Tamil. The Turkish Mar ulmas (he dies does 

 not die), he nearly dies, expresses the same tendency. 



Many more examples from various languages could be 

 produced, if the proof contained in these will admit of any 

 doubt respecting the innate concrete tendency of the indi- 

 vidual reappearing in his speech. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



ON GENDER. 



GENDER-IGNORING AND GENDER-DENOTING 

 LANGUAGES. 



The ideas, which language expresses are defined by gender, 

 number, space, time, and other qualifying attributes. These 

 attributes are found everywhere, and everywhere the same. 

 They exist previously to that period when man could testify to 

 their presence by alluding to them in speech. For the 

 individual man belongs himself to a sex, he is one of his 

 species, and lives at a certain place during a limited time. 



