OF LANGUAGES. 



95 



undergoes in the Dual and Plural forms the following 

 alteration : — 



Singular. Dual. 



1. JE-gwa-suh, myself. 1 and 2. Gi na-suh, ourselves, thou and I. 



2. Tsa-suhy thyself. 1 and 3. 0 gi-na-suh, ,, he and I, 



3. U-wasuh, himself. 2. Sda-suh, yourselves, you two. 



Plural. 



1 and 2. I.ga-suh, ourselves, three or more of you and me. 

 1 and 3. O.ga'suh, „ three or more of them and me. 



2. I-tsa-suh, yourselves, three or more. 



3. O-na-suh, themselves. 



The Fijian pronoun has even four numbers, I is koi au, 

 I and you is koi kedaru, we two not you koi keirau, we three 

 koi kedatou, we three not you koi keitou, we (including persons 

 addr.) koi keda, we (excluding person addr,) koi keimami. 1 * 7 



Reduplication is very commonly employed to express 

 plurality ; we find it among the Malayans 148 as well as among 

 the Chinese, 149 the Bushmen 150 adopted it, and so do the 

 Columbians 151 in America, and many languages which own 



(147) See Hazlewood's Fijian Grammar, page 23 : u There are undouhtedly 

 four numbers in the Fijian pronoun. The characteristic marks of the dual 

 and third number are in this case corruptions of the numerals rua two and 

 tolu three." Compare also the formation of the personal pronouns in Papuan 

 dialects. In Annatom " I " is ainyak, akaijan, " you two and I 

 ajumrau, "you two - I;" akataij, "you three -\- 1 ;" aijumtaij, you 

 three - I. In Mallicollo "I" is inu, "you " khaiim, and he (she, it) na-u^ 

 " we two" (excl.) is na-muhl, " we two " (incl.) drivan, " you two " 

 kha miihl, " you three" na tarsi, " we three" dra-tin, " you four" na-tavatz, 

 and " we four" dra tovatz. The Annatom and Mallicollo pronouns are taken 

 from Sayce's principles, pages 279, 280. 



(148) Laki man, laki laki men ; raja prince, raja-raja princes ; batu stone, 

 batu batu stones. 



(149) Jin man, jin-jin men ; yen swallow, yen yen swallows, &c. 



(150) See Bleek, Journ. of the Anthropological Inst., page 94. 



(151) Mahte (mahs) house, mahtmahs houses in the Nooka dialect ; Bancroft, 

 page 610: " The Salish" plural of substantives is formed by duplicating the root, 

 skoi mother, skoikoi mothers ; by duplicating and dropping a vowel from the 

 root, skaltmigu man, sklkaltmigu men ; esmock mountain, esmohnck mountains ; 

 or by duplicating a consonant in the midst of a word, or by prefixing 

 the syllable ul, or by substituting another case ; ibidem, page 616 ; see also 

 page 700. 



