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ON DEUIDICAL AND 



Vizimangalam. — I found the plan of the Jain Busti 

 pagoda here similar in some respects to those of the Hindus. 

 A column rose through the roof, a choultry faced the principal 

 gateway which was surmounted by the usual propylon or 

 tower of several storeys. In the middle of the courtyard 

 encompassed by four walls stood the body of the pagoda 

 consisting of an oblong stone-building with a flat roof. The 

 entablatures of the exterior were ornamented with figures of 

 Adi-Isvaren, the very image of Buddha, and seated like 

 him cross-legged, in some places holding a bell in one 

 hand, and in others seated under a chattra. There were also 

 figures of the god canopied by the elevated trunks of two 

 elephants, one on each side of him, men on elephants, 

 miniature pagodas, men playing on various musical instru- 

 ments, lions, men riding on lions and other animals, warriors 

 on horseback armed with swords and shields, peacocks, 

 female figures with their arms resting on their hips, the lotus, 

 figures with a horse-tail punkah fanning a cross-legged image 

 of Adi-Isvaren, figures in gothic niches. All these indicate 

 the close connection of Jainism with Buddhism. Inside the 

 pagoda the case is altered and there are manifestations of 

 Hinduism in effigies of Krishna treading on the snake, of 

 Granesa, the five Pandus, Hanumanta, and other mythological 

 beings ; these occur chiefly on a cornice running round the 

 top of the wall. At the northern end of the interior was a 

 remarkably well executed image of Adi-Isvaren, the same, as 

 far as I am capable of judging, as Buddha and seated like 

 him cross-legged. Adjoining this image were five figures of 

 human beings probably Eishies. Outside the pagoda is a deep 

 well traditionally reputed to be the work of Bhima, one of 

 the Pandus who, wanting water, struck the ground with his 

 club (gada) and formed the well. This gada is clearly the same 

 as the magical caduceus of Mercury, many attributes of the 

 gada being similar to those of the caduceus. From what 

 I saw in this Jain pagoda, and from what I have gathered 



