168 



'iLM-I-TAJWID. 



(2.) Waqf-i-Mutlaq (<3^ ^), the sign of which is k 

 This pause occurs in places where, if made or omitted, there is 

 no alteration in the sense, e.g., Surat-ul-Fatiha, " King on the 

 day of reckoning (k) Thee do we worship." 



Here the waqf comes after the word ^ because the enu- 

 meration of (rod's attributes ends here, and the expression 

 of man's need commences. 



(3.) Waqf-i-jdiz (yW <-a*j ), the sign of which is ©. This 

 waqf is optional, e.g., " She said, ' Kings when they enter a 

 city spoil it, and abase the mightiest of its people' (5) and in 

 like manner will these also do " (Sura lxviii, 34). In this 

 case, by putting the pause after 6 people,' the remaining 

 words do not form part of the quotation; by omitting it, 

 they would, and Balqis, the Queen of Sheba, would be 

 represented as saying, " In like manner will these also do." 



(4.) Waqf-i-Mujauwaz (jjW* the sign of which is y 



This also is an optional pause, e.g., Sura ii, 80 : " These are 

 they who purchase this present life at the price of that which 

 is to come (3 ) their torment shall not be lightened." 



The particle usually connects a clause closely to the pre- 

 ceding one, in which case there would be no waqf; but on 

 the other hand the verb comes early in the clause, and 

 in such a case should be preceded by waqf. To reconcile 

 these two opposing principles the pause is left optional. 

 Such, at least, is the only explanation I have yet found of 

 Waqf-i- Mujamvaz. 



(5.) Waqf-i- MuraMkkas ( <j*-y» otfj ), the sign of which is 

 ye. This is a pause which may be made when it is necessary to 

 take breath. It comes between words which have no 

 necessary connection with each other, e.g., Sura ii, 20 : 

 " Who hath made the earth a bed for you, and the heavens a 



