'iLM-I-TAJWID. 



169 



covering (<j») and hath caused water to come down from 

 heaven." If this pause is made, the reader must commence 

 at the beginning of the clause, that is, if he pauses after 

 * covering ' he must begin after the pause at " who hath, &c." 



All the pauses now described are ancient : they have been 

 recognized from the earliest times. In later days the Quran 

 readers have invented several others. As these will be found 

 in all Qurans now in use, I give a short account of them. 



1. Qif («-**) " pause." This frequently occurs, but in such 

 places as to leave the meaning of the passage unaifected. 



2. Qqf (j). This is the symbol for = " it is said." 



The j thus expresses the fact that some persons of authority 

 have said that a pause should be made in the place where it 

 is inserted. It is an optional pause. 



3. Salt " connect." This shows that there must be 

 no pause. 



4. La ( ^ ). This is the symbol for ^^% = u there is no pause." 



5. Sin (u*). The initial letter of the word ^ = "silence." 

 A pause may be made in the recital, provided that the reader 

 does not take breath in this place. 



6. Kaf ( *sJ ). This is the first letter of the word " in 

 the same manner." It then means that where ^ occurs a 

 pause must be made similar in kind to the one immediately 

 preceding. 



7. Qala ( & ), This is a shortened form of ^ Jls = " SO me have 

 said * No.' " It is quite optional. 



If over the circle 0, denoting a full stop, any other symbol 

 is written, due attention must be paid to it ; if there are two 

 or more symbols all should be observed. However, the one 



L 



at the top is the most important, e.g., e . In this case the 



0 



Waqf-i-Miitlaq is superior to the Waqf-i-jaiz. 



23 



